Many students are passively engaged in mathematics content across the United States because they are in classrooms that use traditional instruction methods (i.e. lecture and guided practice). Calculus is a struggle for students because of the critical thinking, conceptual understanding, and problem solving required. Active learning has been shown…

This study explored the development of student's conceptual understandings of limit and derivative when utilizing specifically designed computational tools. Fourteen students from a secondary Advanced Placement Calculus AB course learned and explored the limit and derivative concepts from differential calculus using visualization tools in the…

Steele and Aronson (1995) found that the performance of African-American subjects on test items portrayed as a problem-solving task, in a laboratory experiment, was adversely affected when they were asked about their ethnicity. This outcome was attributed to "stereotype threat". Performance was disrupted by the subjects' concerns about…