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van de Sande, Carla C.; Greeno, James G. – Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2012
We use a concept of framing to explain 3 cases in which participants initially lacked mutual understanding but then achieved significant mutual understanding. The cases were all consistent with a pattern of "positional framing" that includes a human participant who is inquiring, which we call a "listener", and a "source", which may be another…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Algebra, Group Dynamics, Interaction
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Shapiro, Amy M. – Journal of the Learning Sciences, 1999
Explores the relevance of hierarchies to information processing. Suggests that participants in all conditions create hierarchical representations as they work, and those in nonlinear conditions use this structure to guide their exploration of the material. An important function of hierarchies may be to define relationships between concepts.…
Descriptors: Biological Sciences, Cognitive Structures, Hypermedia, Learning Strategies