Background/purpose. One of the current problems facing mathematics students, graduates in mathematics, and engineering is the disconnection between the meanings, symbolic representations, and graphics of derivatives when solving problems, which hinders their understanding. This article analyzes engineering students' understanding activated by…

In the context of scholarly and scientific discourse, students often have to deal with graphic-visual modes of communication, which requires their ability to comprehend and utilize inscriptions, that is, scientific visual representations, to convey information effectively--what we call graphical literacy. Despite its pivotal role for training…

Many students persistently misinterpret histograms. This calls for closer inspection of students' strategies when interpreting histograms and case-value plots (which look similar but are different). Using students' gaze data, we ask: "How and how well do upper secondary pre-university school students estimate and compare arithmetic means of…

Background/purpose: This study analyzes the commognition of students with low Working Memory Capacity (WMC) when solving calculus problems, particularly in integral material. Commognition, which merges cognition and communication, is explored through four indicators: keywords (stating knowns and unknowns), visual mediators (graphical…

Background: One area that has been dramatically changed by artificial intelligence (AI) is educational environments. Chatbots, Recommender Systems, Adaptive Learning Systems and Large Language Models have been emerging as practical tools for facilitating learning. However, using such tools appropriately is challenging. In this regard, the…