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Vainikainen, Mari-Pauliina; Wüstenberg, Sascha; Kupiainen, Sirkku; Hotulainen, Risto; Hautamäki, Jarkko – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2015
In Finland, schools' effectiveness in fostering the development of transversal skills is evaluated through large-scale learning to learn (LTL) assessments. This article presents how LTL skills--general cognitive competences and learning-related motivational beliefs--develop during primary school and how they predict pupils' CPS skills at the end…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Learning Strategies, Skill Development
Peer reviewedCavanaugh, John C.; And Others – Gerontologist, 1989
Examined applicability of scaffolding and zone of proximal development to the study of dementia. Compared caregiver-patient dyads (n=29) to normal elderly dyads (n=16) in terms of strategies used in completing the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. Results indicated that caregiver-patient dyads can be observed…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Cognitive Development, Educational Gerontology, Family Caregivers

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