Principals can profoundly influence student achievement by leading school change, but they cannot turn schools around by themselves. District leaders need to create working conditions that support and encourage change for improved achievement, rather than hindering principals' abilities to lead change. This report includes principals' perceptions…

Develops a theoretical account of how teachers' perceptions of transformational leadership are formed. Provides an empirical test of this theory, which explains formation of teachers' leader perceptions as a function of alterable school-context conditions and unalterable characteristics of leaders and followers. Survey results from 423 schools…

The National Policy Board's design for principals, by recasting preparation programs to reflect the real world school environment, stressing the learning environment, focusing on decentralized management and collective problem solving, designing a new knowledge base with performance standards supported by a national certification process, and…