With the issue of student achievement at the core of educational policy, it is essential to determine how to create school environments in which all students achieve. Research indicates collective teacher efficacy is a primary factor affecting student achievement, yet educational research also points to the importance of principal leadership in…

The top-down authoritarian, large-scale business model underlying school administrative practice makes it difficult for schools to respond to complexity and change. Systemic transformation requires an alternative mind set that broadens ownership of leadership, cooperates closely with external stakeholders, and follows the self-organizing systems…