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Direct linkMourad El Karkri; Antonio Quesada; Marta Romero-Ariza – Review of Education, 2025
Until now, the conventional approach using two distinct groups, experimental and control, continues to dominate research, especially education research. Researchers, particularly those who are active in this domain, readily recognise this pattern when surveying literature. This article explores the use of the Solomon four-group design as a…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Research Methodology, Experimental Groups, Control Groups
Bruno Arpino; Silvia Bacci; Leonardo Grilli; Raffaele Guetto; Carla Rampichini – Evaluation Review, 2025
We consider estimating the effect of a treatment on a given outcome measured on subjects tested both before and after treatment assignment in observational studies. A vast literature compares the competing approaches of modelling the post-test score conditionally on the pre-test score versus modelling the difference, namely, the gain score. Our…
Descriptors: Scores, Pretesting, Conditioning, Achievement Gains
Joshua B. Gilbert; Luke W. Miratrix; Mridul Joshi; Benjamin W. Domingue – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2025
Analyzing heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) plays a crucial role in understanding the impacts of educational interventions. A standard practice for HTE analysis is to examine interactions between treatment status and preintervention participant characteristics, such as pretest scores, to identify how different groups respond to treatment.…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Item Response Theory, Statistical Inference, Psychometrics
