One hundred kindergarten children completed a phoneme segmentation test, an invented spelling test, and two tests of visual-motor ability. Scores on both tests of phoneme awareness predicted between 30% and 40% of variance in reading ability a year later, while visual-motor scores bore a less substantial relationship to future reading ability.…

The low and decreasing validity of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) for predicting first-year grades at the University of Hawaii (Manoa) for Hawaiian students is explored. No explanation is derived, but it does not appear to be an artifact caused by improper grouping of students. (SLD)

Presents an analysis of the correlation between computerized placement test scores and subsequent academic performance for 74 2-year college students. Finds a low correlation between scores and course pass rates. Suggests that other qualitative measures be employed in addition to computerized testing to assess students. (12 citations) (BCY)

Describes a study comparing portfolio assessment to standardized test results and examining how both predicted subsequent academic achievement as indicated by grade point averages. Indicates that academic achievement could not be accurately predicted by any of three portfolio measures (that is, classwork, reading skills, or responses to text) or…

This study compares two instruments frequently used to assess risk for violence, the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), in a large sample of civil psychiatric patients. Despite a strong bivariate relationship with community violence, the VRAG could not improve on the predictive validity…

Objective: The research was conducted to determine the relationship between violent trauma, child abuse history, and dissociative symptoms in a Russian population. Method: Three hundred and one undergraduate students from Moscow State Linguistics University participated in the study and completed the Dissociation Continuum Scale, the Violence…

The purpose of the present study was to determine choral students' ability to predict and evaluate their sight-singing skills. Participants were asked to assign a rating based on how well they predicted they would sight-sing five musical examples. Following the singing of each example, participants were asked to evaluate their sight-singing…

The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric characteristics of a phonological awareness assessment for prekindergarten children using Messick's (1989) framework for unitary construct validity. Upon entry into prekindergarten, children were given rhyme discrimination, syllable segmentation, initial phoneme isolation, and phoneme…

The Deductive-Nomological (D-N) model of human behavior is useful and provides the most objective explanation when it is appropriate but it is not necessarily an all-inclusive statement. For instance, explaining human behavior is always an act that entails languages and theories that are value laden and reveal human choices; however the D-N model…

Statistical fit of model predictions to empirical evidence is found to be an insufficient condition for establishing the validity of a planning model where the dynamic behavior is of particular importance. Describes a spectral analysis statistical test that can be used to validate the structure of a planning model by comparing the time series…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE (1) TO DEVELOP A GENERAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR LIFE HISTORY ITEMS, (2) TO DETERMINE TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY ESTIMATES, AND (3) TO ESTIMATE RESISTANCE TO EXAMINEE FAKING, FOR REPRESENTATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONNAIRES. TWO 100-ITEM QUESTIONNAIRES WERE CONSTRUCTED THROUGH RANDOM ASSIGNMENT BY CONTENT AREA OF 200…

The predictive validity of the American College Testing Program's (ACT) Tests were compared with the College Entrance Examination Board's Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT) and the Educational Testing Service's School and College Ability Tests (SCAT) for a sample of 21 colleges and universities. Grades in specific courses as well as overall grade…

This study was designed to test the effect of a director's expectation of a good or bad performance by his actors on the judged effectiveness of their performances. Thirty-two actors were randomly chosen from volunteers in an introductory course in communication theory at the University of Wyoming. The eight directors were students in an upper…

This paper presents a model for the identification and validation of competencies, designed as an all-inclusive framework, which may be adapted for specific situations. The criteria for including data in the validation process are as follows: (a) if the data are to be employed in making decisions about individuals or groups, all available evidence…

The development of a multivariate prediction system aimed at having useful predictors available early in the training of potential Army aviators is discussed. Using this system, supervisors will be able to relate a predictor score to a probability table, thus enabling administrators to make early decisions involving further training of Army…