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Direct linkMichelle Spiegel; Leah R. Clark; Thurston Domina; Vitaly Radsky; Paul Y. Yoo; Andrew Penner – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2025
Many educational policies hinge on the valid measurement of student economic disadvantage at the school level. Measures based on free and reduced-price lunch enrollment are used widely. However, recent research raises questions about their reliability, particularly following the introduction of universal free lunch in certain schools and…
Descriptors: Disadvantaged Schools, Economically Disadvantaged, Lunch Programs, Poverty
Download full textGutierrez, Emily; Blagg, Kristin; Chingos, Matthew M. – Urban Institute, 2022
The share of students eligible for free and reduced-price lunch (FRPL) via meal applications is often used as a proxy for the share of students from low-income households at a school. But the recent adoption of universal meal programs, such as the Community Eligibility Provision, make it more difficult to consistently measure student poverty…
Descriptors: Poverty, Low Income Students, Urban Schools, Measurement Techniques
Gutierrez, Emily; Blagg, Kristin; Chingos, Matthew M. – Urban Institute, 2022
Most researchers and policymakers rely on the share of students eligible for free and reduced-price meals when describing student socioeconomic background in schools. But shares of students receiving free and reduced-price meals, and other measures related to the distribution of school meals, vary by state and across time because of changes in…
Descriptors: Poverty, Low Income Students, Urban Schools, Measurement Techniques
Harwell, Michael – National Education Policy Center, 2018
Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) are widely used in educational research and policy applications, in large part due to overwhelming evidence linking SES to student achievement. SES is usually conceptualized as an unobservable factor--a construct--measured using variables such as parental education, occupation, income/wealth, and home…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Academic Achievement, Correlation, Research Methodology
Street, Chrystal – ProQuest LLC, 2017
The purpose of this quantitative study was to identify the instructional leadership practices that develop a growth mindset in teachers and to determine if the evaluation model will lead to enhanced pedagogical practices. Schools were separated into schools of affluence and poverty. Schools of affluence had less than a 35% free and reduced lunch…
Descriptors: Teacher Evaluation, Models, Instructional Leadership, Advantaged
Moss, Tony – Kansas State Department of Education, 2017
The purpose of this paper is to open the methods, construction and assumptions of a new performance benchmark to examination, critique, and improvement by technical experts. The paper begins with known technical questions about this new benchmark. In includes suggestions made by technical advisors. It then details the construction of the…
Descriptors: Educational Assessment, Performance Based Assessment, Benchmarking, State Departments of Education
Levin, Jesse; de los Reyes, Iliana Brodziak; Atchison, Drew; Manship, Karen; Arellanes, Melissa; Hu, Lynn – Policy Analysis for California Education, PACE, 2018
This report presents the results of a thorough study conducted by American Institutes for Research (AIR) to investigate the cost of providing an "adequate" education to California students attending public elementary, middle, and high schools. The study addresses the following question: "What is the cost of providing all California…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Elementary Secondary Education, State Standards, State Departments of Education
