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Direct linkMichelle Spiegel; Leah R. Clark; Thurston Domina; Vitaly Radsky; Paul Y. Yoo; Andrew Penner – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2025
Many educational policies hinge on the valid measurement of student economic disadvantage at the school level. Measures based on free and reduced-price lunch enrollment are used widely. However, recent research raises questions about their reliability, particularly following the introduction of universal free lunch in certain schools and…
Descriptors: Disadvantaged Schools, Economically Disadvantaged, Lunch Programs, Poverty
Forum Guide to Alternative Measures of Socioeconomic Status in Education Data Systems. NFES 2015-158
Download full textNational Forum on Education Statistics, 2015
The goal of this document is to provide relevant information to the education community as it considers alternatives to free- and reduced-price meal (FRP) eligibility data as a proxy for individual student and family socioeconomic status (SES). It provides "encyclopedia-type" entries for eight different alternative SES measures and, as…
Descriptors: Alternative Assessment, Socioeconomic Status, Lunch Programs, Eligibility
