Rapid Westernization and modernization in most Chinese societies has triggered a process of acculturation to Western value orientations, which induced conflicts between Confucian-based collectivism and Western individualism at both the societal and individual levels. A review of research instruments indicated that a cultural conflict approach is…

This paper summarizes the author's research on the role of empathy in personality development. (Author)

Comments on criticism of the author's conception of stages of ego development for failing to make explicit the logic and consequent dynamics of successive stages of ego development. Indicates how Kegan's exposition does not provide the only attempt to capture the inner logic of ego development. (Author)

Considers a neo-Piagetian address to the processes of personality and its implications for counseling or psychotherapy. Although the neo-Piagetian framework is different, its metaphors and premises may make it the better equipped to deal with the issues central to those psychologies most influential to the counseling enterprise. (Author)

Reviews and comments upon articles by Jane Loevinger and Robert Kegan devoted to self and ego. A spiral-process model of self-conception is offered as an elaboration of the processes that might be involved in equilibration. The clarifying purpose of theory should not be forgotten. A phenomenological perspective is presented. (Author/BEF)

Two models of heterosexual identity development are discussed. The models were developed for different reasons and thus represent different ways of conceptualizing heterosexual identity development. The strengths and weaknesses of each model are presented and the two models are compared and contrasted. Apart from the models themselves, these two…

An Analysis of responses to the Spence-Helmreich Attitudes Toward Women Scale by the Loevinger-Wessler Stages of ego development is presented in this article. The ANOVA results show a clear trend for attitude scores of women to increase toward equality and choice as their ego stage increases. (Author)

This major article points out that many problems with which counselors deal arise from unfortunate learning conditions and should not be conceptualized as illness. It suggests that counselors focus upon the client's sense of competence and upon his individual interests. (EK)

This article builds on earlier conceptual models of identity development to propose a model of heterosexual identity development. A review of the existing literature on majority and minority group identity development, heterosexuality, and other relevant foundational literature is provided as a rationale for the proposed model. Based on an…

Recent books relevant to the counseling of adults and adult development are here briefly reviewed. Relevance was interpreted to eliminate books dealing solely with the years beyond mid-life. Recency is used to include books from 1972 on. (Author)

A review of the three articles on feminist identity development in this issue indicates that (a) the Feminist Identity Development Scale (FIDS) and the Feminist Identity Composite (FIC) perform similarly and acceptably in psychometric analyses, (b) no research has properly tested whether there are true stages of feminist identity development, and…

Gender theories provide a critical framework for considerations of heterosexual identity. Patriarchal power rests on the social meanings given to biological sex differences and to their reproduction as societal discourses regarding what it means to be a woman or a man. This is a crucial point and one that we believe is not fully recognized in the…

The purpose of this article is to introduce a model of adult heterosexual identity that may be useful in conceptualizing heterosexual therapists' barriers to and facilitators of effective practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LBG) clients. This model incorporates concepts from theories of identity development, social identity, and attitude…