Older adults are significantly slower than young adults in the naming response in the Stroop Color Word Interference Test. Hypotheses attempting to explain this age-related difference in a perceptual-cognitive task have included orthogenic principle, response-competition, and cautiousness. This study examines whether there are any significant…

In a study of spatial perspectives, third- and fifth-grade students were asked to coordinate perspectives on single-object and multiple-object arrays. (ST)

Describes two experiments that assessed young children's understanding of the characteristic uncertainty in the physical nature of random phenomena as well as the unpredictability of outcomes. (HOD)

Observers aged six to 24 years estimated distances between elements in patterns illustrating Gestalt grouping principles of proximity, similarity, closure, and good continuation. Magnitude of distance distortions decreased significantly with age, suggesting that perceptual development includes improving ability to disregard Gestalt groupings when…

In this examination of young children's acquisition of geometric skills, spatial performances were conceptualized as specific combinations of actions applied within stimulus contexts. The relationships among eight action/context combinations were examined, and predicted patterns compared with observed ones. (Author/BW)

Reflects on the importance of observation and documentation of detail in producing critical thinking and accurate writing. (AEA)

A previously-reported experiment designed to determine if newborn infants can distinguish between an object and a picture of that object is flawed. The experimental design and an improved design are discussed. (BB)

Results of two studies indicated that three- and four-year-old children understood that, although perception is necessary for knowledge, it is irrelevant for imagination and that three year olds often claimed that imagination reflected reality. (MDM)

An adventitiously visually impaired individual examines differences between the neurological, psychological, and educational development of persons blinded either very early in life or much later. (DB)

Individuals may be able to exert considerable control over their perceptual experience and environmental awareness by deliberately varying their "cognitive sets" - plans for selecting and processing information. This theme is explored and a research project, which included eleven experiments, on the effects of cognitive sets is reported. (BT)

Age and condition (either constancy-relevant or variability-relevant) interact, with the youngest group in the constancy-relevant condition performing most poorly on concept identification tasks. (MH)

Presents an expanded model of counseling, which includes a stimulation phase, to provide for active counseling methods that affect client perceptual change. This actively involves the counselor and client in full exploration, culminating in discovery. Active stimulation leads to new awareness, enhanced by social influence to achieve new…

Suggests that differential rearing conditions may cause significant reversals in sex-related ability and behavior (maze learning and exploration), and may significantly affect perceptual sensitivity. (RL)

An intermodal preference task, which presents 2 events side-by-side with a single sound track appropriate to 1 event, and measures subjects' visual preferences, was presented to 23 children with autism. Subjects showed the intermodal matching effect demonstrated with normal infants and young children; subjects did not demonstrate primary…

Discusses the importance of sensory stimulation as our connection to the global life system. Expands the traditionally acknowledged 5 human senses to include over 53 additional ways of perceiving. Explains how sensory awareness as knowledge is culturally invalidated and mistrusted to the detriment of the quality of human life. (MCO)