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Sensory Responsiveness and the Effects of Equal Subjective Rewards on Tactile Learning and Memory of Honeybees
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Scheiner, Ricarda; Kuritz-Kaiser, Anthea; Menzel, Randolf; Erber, Joachim – Learning & Memory, 2005
In tactile learning, sucrose is the unconditioned stimulus and reward, which is usually applied to the antenna to elicit proboscis extension and which the bee can drink when it is subsequently applied to the extended proboscis. The conditioned stimulus is a tactile object that the bee can scan with its antennae. In this paper we describe the…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Rewards, Memory, Stimulation
Decreasing Smoking Behavior through Subliminal Stimulation Treatments.
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Glover, Elbert D. – Journal of Drug Education, 1979
Determines whether subliminal perception can be used as a means for altering cigarette smoking behavior. Smoking behavior was not altered through subliminal perception as carried out in this study. There was evidence that smoking behavior was altered, but it was an unpredicted change. Some subjects decreased smoking patterns. (Author)
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Change, Change Strategies, Habit Formation
Schema Learning Theory: An Approach to Perceptual Learning.
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Milligan, John R. – Review of Educational Research, 1979
Schema theory, an area of educational research within perceptual learning theory, is divided into five major subtopics: (1) explanation, development, and background; (2) theoretical approaches; (3) pattern classification; (4) pattern quantification; and (5) quantified pattern feature approach (which attempts to combine classification and…
Descriptors: Classification, Concept Formation, Educational Research, Learning Processes
The Impact of Perceived Control on the Imagination of Better and Worse Possible Worlds.
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Markman, Keith D.; And Others – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined the effects of perceived control and close alternative outcomes on counterfactual generation (thoughts of what could have been). Subjects played a "wheel of fortune" game in which they controlled one of two wheels. Results supported the idea that people generate counterfactuals about events over which they have perceived…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power
Outcome Controllability and Counterfactual Thinking.
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Roese, Neal J.; Olson, James M. – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined impact of outcome controllability on counterfactual thoughts (thoughts of what could have been). Two studies showed that outcome controllability affected counterfactual direction: thoughts on how things could have been better were more frequent following controllable outcomes, and thoughts on how things could have been worse followed…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power
Dispositional Traits versus the Content of Experience: Actor/Observer Differences in Judgments of the "Authentic Self."
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Johnson, Joel T.; Boyd, Kenneth R. – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Investigated whether actors and observers differ in their beliefs about what features of an individual best reflect his/her "authentic self." Results indicate that actors' views differed significantly from observers'. Friend raters believed that their friends' dispositional traits were better indicators than what their friends actually did,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Evaluative Thinking, Patterned Responses