Educators manage student readiness for learning by applying models of instruction. The most common model used, however, is imprecise about cognitive operations. One way educators address this issue is with reflection, but reflection means many different things. An approach for narrowing reflection is to focus on metacognition. Literature has shown…

This study investigated differences between the ability to judge surface emotions and real emotions in pretend/deceptive situations. Using the scenario approach, our results showed that the ability to judge surface/real emotions is affected by pretend and deceptive situations in children aged 4--6 years. We found that in pretend situations, the…

Little systematic attention has been paid toward belonging for young children, particularly in contexts of diversity that are regularly part of school settings. Two-Way immersion (TWI) programs provide one educational context ideally suited for exploring the constructs of belonging and inclusion in linguistically and culturally diverse settings.…

In this mixed-methods convergent parallel database design study on the roles of the model professional learning communities (PLC), I explored the teacher's perceptions of the PLC process on teacher enhanced instruction and elementary student academic outcomes through interviews. I also examined archrival Texas Academic Performance Reports (TAPR)…

This qualitative action research study in a Canadian urban public elementary school proposes teachers and early childhood education integrate different types of nature journaling into the Kindergarten Program. In this study, analysis of data collected from weekly classroom lessons and student work samples through two action research cycles led to…

The purpose of this study was to compare two simulated classrooms (virtual vs physical) in terms of how they affect pre-service teachers' perceptions and noticing ability. A total of 57 pre-service elementary school teachers participated in this study (28 in virtual Cartoon Classroom and 29 in physical Bear Classroom). The results were mixed. In…

Computational technology is prevalent in K-12 education. Understanding computational technology from the viewpoint of teachers is important for informing teaching methods and determining the appropriate timing of instructional support. This dissertation examined educators' perspectives on the relationship between computational technology in the…

Efficient recognition of geometric shapes is an important aspect of proficiency in geometry. Building theoretically on the cultural-historical approach enriched by the physiology of activity, we investigate theoretical perception in geometry--the ability to recognize conceptual geometric aspects of visual figures. Aiming to understand the…

Teachers' psychological well-being is linked to their classroom teaching and student development outcomes. Kindergarten teachers are generally subject to psychological stress and burnout, but mindfulness training programs may be a promising way to alleviate these issues. This pilot study used a mixed-methods design to evaluate the feasibility and…

The current study investigated perceptual simulation and its relationship with literacy ability in Chinese children. Ninety-three third-grade Hong Kong Chinese children completed a sentence-picture verification task for perceptual simulation. In this task, a sentence mentioning an object was presented first, followed by a picture involving the…

Metaphors are expressions that are frequently used in people's minds to explain concepts with other unrelated concepts and have a personal emphasis on learning. The purpose of this study is to determine and interpret the metaphorical perceptions of primary school pre-service teachers towards environmental pollution. The "phenomenology"…

The aim of this study was to develop an application-based assessment tool for evaluating motor perception learning in children with intellectual disabilities who attend elementary classes in State Special Schools in Yogyakarta City. The tool was designed to align with the characteristics of these children and determine their mastery of motor…

Background/Context: Rich classroom discussions are thought to provide several benefits to students, including improved connections to course content and general literacy development, and they provide a rich evidence stream from which teachers can make inferences about student learning to contribute to decisions about next teaching and learning…

Anxiety adversely impacts boys' and girls' mental health. We assessed agreement on student anxiousness in 390 student and teacher reports from first to 10th grade. Of 67 self-reported anxious students, 56 (83.6%) were unrecognized by the teacher. Next, we explored classroom-related characteristics of anxious and unseen students in logistic…

The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between shyness in school-age children and variables such as teacher perception of school achievement, fluid intelligence and self-efficacy in various areas of functioning. The participants were 466 Polish primary school children (boys n = 239, girls n = 227; M age = 9.55 years, SD =0.9).…