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Public Speaking Anxiety as a Function of Sensitization and Habituation Processes
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Behnke, Ralph R.; Sawyer, Chris R. – Communication Education, 2004
In the present study, it was hypothesized that (1) changes in (1) state anxiety from rest to the beginning of a speech (sensitization), in (2) changes in state anxiety during the first minute of the speech presentation (habituation 1), and in (3) state anxiety during the last minute of the speech presentation (habituation 2) are all significant…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Classroom Techniques, Public Speaking, Habituation
The Impact of Perceived Control on the Imagination of Better and Worse Possible Worlds.
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Markman, Keith D.; And Others – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined the effects of perceived control and close alternative outcomes on counterfactual generation (thoughts of what could have been). Subjects played a "wheel of fortune" game in which they controlled one of two wheels. Results supported the idea that people generate counterfactuals about events over which they have perceived…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power
Outcome Controllability and Counterfactual Thinking.
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Roese, Neal J.; Olson, James M. – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined impact of outcome controllability on counterfactual thoughts (thoughts of what could have been). Two studies showed that outcome controllability affected counterfactual direction: thoughts on how things could have been better were more frequent following controllable outcomes, and thoughts on how things could have been worse followed…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power
Dispositional Traits versus the Content of Experience: Actor/Observer Differences in Judgments of the "Authentic Self."
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Johnson, Joel T.; Boyd, Kenneth R. – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Investigated whether actors and observers differ in their beliefs about what features of an individual best reflect his/her "authentic self." Results indicate that actors' views differed significantly from observers'. Friend raters believed that their friends' dispositional traits were better indicators than what their friends actually did,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Evaluative Thinking, Patterned Responses