Tested the extremity of the scale values associated with standards chosen in the development of mixed standard scales with college students (N=248). Results indicated that standard extremity affects the level of ratings assigned; the number of logically inconsistent response patterns; and the relative position of respondents in performance…

Differences between formal constraints on a generative grammar and concepts of efficiency in transforming sentences provide different expectations regarding performance measures if the grammar is taken as a psychologically real model. To contrast these views, subjects were given sentences varying in voice, mood, and modality and asked to transform…

In the present study, it was hypothesized that (1) changes in (1) state anxiety from rest to the beginning of a speech (sensitization), in (2) changes in state anxiety during the first minute of the speech presentation (habituation 1), and in (3) state anxiety during the last minute of the speech presentation (habituation 2) are all significant…

The visual scanning of redundant and random spatial configurations of two-digit numbers was investigated in a target recognition task. The experimental technique involved a brief exposure of a probe (a two-digit number) at the center of the visual field, followed by a spatial pattern of 16 two-digit numbers which included the matching target in…

The spatial layout of visual displays was evaluated by means of three magnitude estimation tasks and one reproduction task. Each stimulus display consisted of 16 randomly-drawn, two-digit numbers. Six different spatial layouts, or display types, were used: systematic vs. random spatial order of numbers; regular vs. irregular boundaries of the…

A study was conducted to examine the ways individuals in organizations interpreted and responded to ambiguous messages. Using Karl Weick's model of organizing, investigators measured the number of rules (criteria for taking action), the number of people, and the frequencies of message categories generated in two simulated organizations comprised…

The main purpose of the research was to make a comparative study of: (1) trial-and-error learning, in which a subject performs and is provided with knowledge of results; and (2) observational learning, in which a subject either observes the performance of another subject or is otherwise provided with equivalent information as to the correctness…

The purpose of the present experiments was to further explore the role of choice by giving Ss the opportunity to choose the stimulus words rather than the response words. (Author)

The degree of acquaintance among group members (friends or strangers) and the opportunity for group members to observe each other's actions (anonymous or non-anonymous) were manipulated in a 2 x 2 factorial design, to determine the amount of aversive stimulation that would be administered to a target person. When group members could not observe…

Reports on three experiments that do the following: 1) investigate the motivational and reinforcing structure underlying male sex role action in a three-person (a female and two males) exchange; and 2) contribute new information on females' interpersonal evaluation of males expressing masculine sex typed and androgynous sex role orientation. (MW)

THREE EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE AND COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL AND AURAL LANGUAGE LEARNING. SPANISH VOCABULARY ITEMS WERE LEARNED FIRST IN ONE SENSE MODE AND THEN RELEARNED IN A DIFFERENT SENSE MODE. TRANSFER EFFECTS WERE STUDIED FROM THE VOCABULARY ITEMS LEARNED TO PATTERNED (PICTURE-CUED) SENTENCES AND STORIES. TWO SAMPLES OF…