The present study investigated whether and to what extent children with dyslexia utilize visual and phonetic strategies in character learning. A paired associate learning paradigm was used in two experiments to train children's pronunciation-orthography associations of novel words, with a recall task 1 week later for retention. Experiment 1…

Differential incentive values of verbal stimuli were tested under conditions of high and low reinforcement. Results indicated the 40 fifth grade boys acquired responses faster when high preference items were used. (ST)

Subjects at three age levels were administered picture pair or word pair discrimination lists. They pronounced or pointed as a method of choice, and they pronounced or pointed at the correct item (or remained silent) during rehearsal. The results indicated that with picture pairs, pronunciation facilitated learning as a method of choice and a type…

The major finding of the present experiment was that children as young a 7 or 8 (second graders) were able to employ an induced visual-imagery strategy to facilitate paired-associate learning. (Authors)

Results indicated that variations in deep structure grammatical relations but not surface structure complexity influenced noun pair retrieval. (Author)

On the basis of this study, a tentative hypothesis may be formed: Teacher sex per se is not a major variable in the higher incidence of reading disability among boys. (Author)

The relationships between classroom performance, ability measures, paired-associate tasks, problem solving tasks, and CART scores are investigated for Grade 5 students. The test is standardized on Grades 5-8. (DG)

The effects of neutral, separate, and interactive imagery instructions on the learning performance of first and fifth graders were compared for both single-item and paired-associate tasks. Results revealed that both younger and older children using images did show facilitation, compared with those not using images. (Author/GK)

Seven mediational strategies for use in verbal associative learning have been discovered. They range from the simple to the intermediate to the complex. The subjects of this study were 173 fifth graders, who were administered a paired-associate (PA) task and asked to identify the strategies they used. On the basis of this data, they were then…

A study was conducted to investigate the facilitation of learning word pairs (paired associate learning) using connected text rather than the unrelated, simple sentences of previous research. Each of 64 fifth graders, classified as either a high or a low reading achiever, was assigned to one of four presentation conditions: (1) hear sentences/read…

Measures of oral language, verbal associative learning, and nonverbal IQ were collected from a mixed unilingual and bilingual random sample of 66 third- and fifth-grade pupils in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Correlational techniques were employed to determine whether, and to what extent, relationships existed between verbal associative learning skill…

Results pertaining to methodological aspects of an aptitude-treatment interaction study are presented. One treatment group in the study was given imagery instructions, the other had no imagery instructions. Each treatment group consisted of seven fifth-grade classes. Among the aptitude variables there were two versions of a paired-associates…

This experiment was conducted to examine word presentation routines to determine their effectiveness in spelling drills. The design included segmentation or focal unit (letter, chunk, whole word), audio (audio, no audio), and word type (List 1--pronounceable chunks, List 2--pronounced in running speech). Subjects were 48 students in Grades 3, 4,…

This experiment tested conjectures concerning the effects of learners' attending preferences on the establishment of auditory-visual intersensory associations in a bisensory paired associate task. Attending patterns were identified through the use of a bisensory diget-span task. On the basis of fifth and sixth grade subjects' performance during…

The keyword method of foreign language learning was adapted for young children learning Spanish. Rather than constructing visual images relating to the word pair, the children generated sentences. Both second- and fifth-grade students experienced large vocabulary gains. (Author/GDC)