Visual-verbal paired-associate learning (PAL) is thought to be related to reading acquisition and, more specifically, to word reading skills. To date, the uniqueness and strength of this relationship has remained unclear because most studies have been conducted in opaque orthographies such as English, and few studies have controlled for all of the…

We examined the double-deficit hypothesis in Finnish. One hundred five Finnish children with high familial risk for dyslexia and 90 children with low family risk were followed from the age of 3 1/2 years until Grade 3. Children's phonological awareness, rapid naming speed, text reading, and spelling were assessed. A deficit in rapid automatized…

This article describes a study to determine the effect of presentation mode and letter similarity on visual discrimination learning and to determine what effect the differential initial learning conditions have on subsequent paired associate learning. (PD)

Methodological and substantive issues concerning the relative efficacy of various kinds of verbal elaborations on the learning and reversal performance of paired noun items by 6- to 7-year-old children were studied. Results indicated that a verbal elaboration methodology could be a viable approach to studying discourse and other language-based…

Studies the effect of phonetic compatibility upon verbal learning and concludes that it is a task variable of considerable magnitude. (WY)

Twenty-eight first grade children were taught letter-sound correspondences according to massed and spaced formats. Used a paired associated format that required the children to produce the appropriate sounds in response to visually presented letters. (HOD)

The purpose of this study was to test associative skills by means of a paired-associate task with varied mediational instructions. Subjects were 84 first grade ghetto children, 25% of whom were from Spanish-speaking homes; virtually all the other subjects were black. The 3 x 2 x 4 factorial design included: three mediation sets (imagery,…

Reinstatement is the increased retention of previously learned behavior. (MB)

Words in categories of high and low "flash-card learnability" and semantic congruence (logical congruence and associative congruence) were tested. Other independent variables were sex and intelligence (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test). The dependent variable was time in tenths of seconds, from the first presentation of a word list until the…

See EJ 030 570. (CK)

Two experiments aimed at extending the principles of paired-associates learning transfer to the acquisition of reading skills are reported. Approximately 15 first graders were randomly assigned to each of the 10 treatment conditions. In the first experiment, four types of letter training were compared to two control conditions. The experimental…

On the basis of this study, a tentative hypothesis may be formed: Teacher sex per se is not a major variable in the higher incidence of reading disability among boys. (Author)