In many classrooms, the issue of emotional legitimization is often forgotten, but in the distance education setting, two limitations highlight this issue even more. The distance education classroom lacks proximity and eye contact, which are pedagogically important as they prompt anxiety in students and draw them into learning. Rather than leading…

This paper focuses on experiences with real-time communication in distance classes that contrast with the face-to-face setting from which teachers and students brought their teaching-learning perceptions and behavior. Observing the uncomfortable and unforeseen experiences that distance teachers and students have, the authors studied the reasons…