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Young, Laura N.; Cordes, Sara; Winner, Ellen – Educational Psychology, 2014
We examined the associations between academic achievement and arts involvement (access to a musical instrument for the child at home, participation in unspecified after-school arts activities) in a sample of 2339 11-12-year-olds surveyed in the USA between 1998 and 2008. We compared the contributions of these variables to other kinds of cognitive…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Prediction, Musical Instruments, Socioeconomic Status
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Norton, Andrea; Winner, Ellen; Cronin, Karl; Overy, Katie; Lee, Dennis J.; Schlaug, Gottfried – Brain and Cognition, 2005
Adult musician's brains show structural enlargements, but it is not known whether these are inborn or a consequence of long-term training. In addition, music training in childhood has been shown to have positive effects on visual-spatial and verbal outcomes. However, it is not known whether pre-existing advantages in these skills are found in…
Descriptors: Phonemic Awareness, Musicians, Musical Instruments, Pattern Recognition