The problem addressed is that elementary school teachers lack an effective and feasible intervention system to reduce chronic absenteeism, which can lead to low academic performance and other issues. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore elementary teachers' perceptions of how a multi-tiered system of support attendance…

This study examined a school's improvement efforts to reduce chronic absenteeism in a rural, high-poverty elementary school. Through improvement science, it analyzed the effects of attendance interventions on attendance improvement. It is well known that students who do not regularly attend school will also struggle with adequate progress and…

There is limited research about Tier 3 interventions provided during typical school Response to Intervention (RTI) implementation. As part of a larger RTI exploration study designed to focus on students with the most intensive reading needs, our goal was to contrast their Tier 1 core reading instruction with their Tier 3 intervention. Schools…

From noted authorities, this book presents a comprehensive approach to designing and implementing evidence-based Tier 3 behavior interventions for K--12 students. The authors' functional assessment-based intervention (FABI) process has been supported by multiple peer-reviewed studies conducted in authentic educational environments. Step by step,…

Current literature exists centered on Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) framework, its components, and ways in which MTSS is intended to support all students. Yet, there is a gap in the literature that examines how elementary schools are implementing it. This dissertation study sought to understand what the MTSS framework implementation at…

Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) is a widely implemented, evidence-based Tier 2 behavior intervention used primarily in schools implementing Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). The purpose of this national extant study was to examine implementation patterns using an extant database of 24,425 students within 1,766 schools across 40 U.S.…

The current study investigated the effects of the concrete-representational-abstract integrated sequence (CRA-I) for teaching fifth grade students receiving tier two interventions within a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS). The research questions addressed the following: the extent to which students' rational number skills changed as a result…

The purpose of this descriptive case study was to describe if the process of the implementation of a school-wide behavior program within a Multi-Tiered Support System (MTSS) framework in elementary schools for educators, staff, and students would be culturally responsive and inclusive. The MTSS framework for behavior was generally defined as…

In this article, we examined predictive validity of the newly defined "Student Risk Screening Scale--Internalizing and Externalizing" (SRSS-IE 9, with nine items) when used by teachers for the first time, with a sample of 24,535 elementary students from 74 schools in four U.S. geographic regions. Results indicated fall externalizing and…

As the public health framework has been implemented in schools through multi-tiered systems of support, as in Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), a prominent interpretation has been that 80% of students will benefit from universal or Tier 1 schoolwide behavior support, around 15% will require added selective or Tier 2 targeted…

Classroom reading instruction is the foundation of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support in Reading (MTSS-R) and the focus of many state reading reforms, initiatives, and policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether comprehensive and coordinated Tier 1 core reading instruction was associated with higher early reading outcomes of students…

Background: School-based mental health services, particularly when integrated into multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS), offer an evidence-based strategy for primary and secondary prevention and targeted intervention for students' mental health challenges. Team-based decision-making is at the center of successful MTSS, but the mental health…

The current study examined the effects the tootling intervention on classwide levels of academically engaged behavior (AEB) and disruptive behavior (DB) by comparing traditional tootling to a formalized tootling card intervention and an interdependent group contingency control condition. The intervention used an alternating treatment design within…

This review and case example describes the key components of elementary reading instruction and intervention within multitiered systems of supports (MTSS) and ways to enhance and scaffold reading instruction and intervention for language as a means of supporting the learning of students who are emergent multilingual (EM) learners. First, we…

Relationships matter in the classroom. The connections elementary school teachers build with their students throughout the school year can affect learners as they move to secondary education. African American boys in third through fifth grade receive discipline consequences that remove them from classroom instruction, negatively impacting success…