This article presents an analysis of modernization of the education system in the Russian Federation from the viewpoint of both Western liberal and traditional conservative (Russian) ideologies and related retro-innovations. We describe negative trends in how individuals develop and define themselves against the backdrop of liberalization,…

Ralph Waldo Emerson experienced the natural world as a sort of school. He thought that the school of nature offered both challenging instructors and an unlimited number of lessons. What are these lessons, for Emerson, and who are these teachers? How can the education that nature offers be discovered? To talk of the education of nature is, like…

This article addresses teachers' understanding of spiritual development in public and religious schools in Boston and Chicago. It examines how teachers define spiritual development in different educational contexts and looks at the way they relate spirituality to a number of factors including community, identity, and character. The data from the…