A long-standing issue in the study of how people acquire visual information centers around the scheduling and deployment of attentional resources: Is the process serial, or is it parallel? A substantial empirical effort has been dedicated to resolving this issue. However, the results remain largely inconclusive because the methodologies that have…

What lies behind the lack of theorizing about content in history in contrast to much greater attention given to theorizing about children's developing understanding of historical skills and processes? Egan's model of the characteristic ways in which children of different ages engage with the world is used to raise the question of what content to…

The human brain is not a passive organ simply waiting to be activated by external stimuli. Instead, we propose that the brain continuously employs memory of past experiences to interpret sensory information and predict the immediately relevant future. The basic elements of this proposal include analogical mapping, associative representations and…

A biologically detailed computational model is described of how categorization judgments become automatic in tasks that depend on procedural learning. The model assumes 2 neural pathways from sensory association cortex to the premotor area that mediates response selection. A longer and slower path projects to the premotor area via the striatum,…

The linguistic demands of poetry writing, quite apart from the transcriptional aspects of writing, make this perhaps the most challenging form of writing children encounter in school. These would include, among others, poetic techniques such as using line breaks and chunking meaning in stanzas; invention and handling of imagery; playfulness and…

A key proposition of attachment theory is that experience-based cognitive representations of attachment, often referred to as internal working models of attachment, influence the manner in which individuals process attachment-relevant social information (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980; Bretherton & Munholland, 1999; Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985).…

Although worry is considered to be the key feature of generalised anxiety disorder, it has its own unique properties. The study aimed to investigate the extent to which intolerance of uncertainty, poor problem-solving confidence, positive beliefs about worry and negative thinking style, predicted worry, both individually and in combination, once…

The author argues that Instructional Design (ID) is a problem-solving process, not a procedure, made up of a thinking process common to designers in many fields, and a set of well-accepted, underlying ID principles. This article presents a model of those principles. Further, it argues that teaching ID as a well-structured procedure is not helpful…

This paper presents a theoretical account of certain aspects of sentence comprehension, particulary the processes involved in deciding if a sentence is true or false. (Editor)

Learning and attitude change are two cognitive processes essential to therapeutic change in counseling. Recently two cognitive models that reflect current research and theory, one focusing on learning and the other on attitude change, have each been applied to counseling with promising results. Martin's cognitive instructional counseling (CIC) is…

Somewhat as Piaget proposed the existence of formal operations acting on concrete operational structures, Basseches (1978) has proposed the existence of dialectical operations acting on formal operational structures. Basseches gives a qualitative account of dialectical operations via the enumeration of 24 schemata categorized into four groups:…

Examines the modifiability of children's information processing strategies by modeling techniques in fourth grade internally and externally oriented children. (LLK)

The aim of this work is to provide a first-approximation model of the lexicon as stored and used in speech production and perception. Both the form of the stored item and the form of the storage network is of concern. Five lexical models--the Transformational model, the Wickelgren model, the Fromkin (speech error) model, the MacKay (speech error)…

This paper presents an illustrated tripartite model of communication according to which memory encompasses three overlapping subsets, the cognitive functions of experiencing, thinking, and expressing. It contends that thinking may be an integral part of the selection and experience of stimuli as well as of creating new expressions. No assumption…

A tri-level structure of cognitive operations in concept learning is proposed, based on results of controlled experimentation and factor analytic studies. Global strategies in concept attainment are hypothesized to consist of three phases: attending to the situation, searching for information, and processing and using the information. Further,…