The duration and timing of the context is which letters occur is shown to influence the perceptibility of the target in experiments demonstrating that early on enhanced word presentations and pronounceable-pseudoword contexts increase letter perceptibility. The perceptibility of letters in strings sharing several or few letters with words is…

The author outlines ways to integrate work identity and social identity in order to improve the quality of life. He presents a model for maintaining balance between personal and professional growth, which can stimulate achievement in six areas of human potential. (SK)

Analyzes the strains that result from an intensive community renewal and development project that was accompanied by intensive process-and-outcome evaluation research. The case study, which took place in an Israeli kibbutz, illustrates a dynamic development of an alternative interaction model with split-role differentiation. (Author)

Adolescent consumer role perceptions were explored among 359 sixth- through twelfth-grade public school students. Results tend to support the notion that middle-school adolescents are generally experiencing the anticipatory stage and high school students are primarily at the formal stage of consumer role acquisition. (JH)

The cascade model of information processing is compatible with the relation between time and accuracy in speed-accuracy trade-off experiments. Findings regarding the additive factors methods led to reexamination of conclusions drawn from several studies about the locus of perceptual and attentional effects on processing. (Author/RD)

Reviews the eye-movement paradigm and refers to recent experiments applying the paradigm to issues of spoken word recognition (e.g., lexical competitor effects), syntactic processing, reference resolution, focus, as well as issues in cross-modality integration that are central to evaluating the modularity hypothesis. (Seven references) (Author/CK)

Information managers promote research generally by knowing about knowing and by working within a paradigm that spans all paradigms. Argues that information professionals underestimate their actual and potential influence on other disciplines and that an emphasis on practical skills obscures the role of theory. Discusses the need for further…

Uses a spatial model to examine the relationship between stimulus exposure, cognition, and affect. Notes that this model accounts for cognitive changes that a stimulus may acquire as a result of exposure. Concludes that the spatial model is useful for evaluating the mere exposure effect and that affective change does not require cognitive change.…

Two studies examined the place of emotion in self-construct models. The first presented three categories of adolescent identity types: connected, contracted, and expanded. The second verified that the contracted and expanded categories were more typical of adolescents than of children or adults. (MDM)

Four experiments involving 42 Harvard University students and 35 subjects addressing the role of attention in phonetic perception demonstrate that attention influences the signal-to-noise ratio in the phonetic encoding of acoustic cues. Implications for understanding speech perception and general theories of the role of attention in perception are…

Presents a distributed connectionist model of the perception of spoken words, employing speech representation that combines lexical and abstract phonological information, with lexical access as a direct mapping on this distributed representation. The article examines the integration of partial cues to phonological identity, showing that the model…

This article suggests that the development of listening skills should extend to the "soundscape" of nonspeech acoustical information. It presents a model for effective aural processing, identifies categories of information obtained from nonverbal sound, and explores "ear-tuning" or listening exercises that use sound to glean…

In this study, the authors investigated the relation between early social contingency experiences and infants' competencies to detect nonsocial contingencies. In this study of 87 three-month-old infants, the authors operationalized early social contingencies as prompt, contingent maternal responses and coded microanalytically on the basis of…

We report a series of neural network models of semantic processing of single English words in the left and the right hemispheres of the brain. We implement the foveal splitting of the visual field and assess the influence of this splitting on a mapping from orthography to semantic representations in single word reading. The models were trained on…

Four experiments are reported exploring whether distractor pictures activate their phonological properties in the course of speech production. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with two pictures and were asked to name one while ignoring the other. Distractor pictures were phonologically related, semantically related or unrelated to the…