PLAN Social studies curriculum attempts to assure that each student achieves educational objectives appropriate to his individual needs and interests. The guiding framework is presented in the form of a list of over one hundred long-range objectives (LRO's). The major objective areas are: inquiry, problem-solving and planning, affective…

Discussion of personalized instruction focuses on reading education and presents a systems model for teachers called a Teacher System for Personalized Instruction (TSPI). Topics discussed include diagnosing the needs of the learner; self-paced learning; motivation; achievement; mastery learning; evaluation plan; and cognitive, affective,…

This paper contends that efforts at educational reform must focus, above all, on the instructional encounter between teachers and students. The argument is presented in triadic sequence: three basic assumptions about learning, three interrelated models of the instructional process, and three practical approaches to promoting cognitive achievement.…

Many social studies curricula are based on John Dewey's principle that education should start from what the child knows and work outward from there. This paper suggests that social studies educators will make the pursuit of social studies knowledge more interesting if they tailor curriculum content to students' developing cognition. A three stage…

This paper describes and evaluates a citizenship education project for elementary and secondary schools. The specific purpose of the project was to develop and test a model to improve political knowledge and attitudes of students by systematically infusing political/citizenship education into existing elementary and secondary social studies…

This publication, a revised edition of ED 081 706, contains a conceptual framework for social studies curriculum development. The social science disciplines--anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology--are considered resources for providing the key concepts, insights, and methods of inquiry enabling…

The educational model presented in this document synthesizes behavioral and developmental orientations in order to address certain school problems of low-income children. These problems include poor reading, math, and language arts skills; insufficient problem solving skills; and inadequate parent involvement and influence in children's formal…

A framework, based on the idea that social studies curriculum should be founded on conceptual understandings and processes drawn from the various social science disciplines, suggests how concepts and related generalizations from each of the disciplines may be used as initial building blocks for developing curriculum. The disciplines are considered…

Schools should help students develop daily living skills in addition to basic cognitive skills such as reading, writing, and figuring. Living skills are interpreted to include those skills which help students cope with rapid social change. Skills need to be taught on health and nutrition, safety and first aid, interpersonal relationships, family…

A problem solving course designed to expose the student to the wide range of alternative problem solving techniques and to enable the student to use these methods in practical applications was developed at the University of California at Los Angeles. The course also exposes the humanities student to objective tools such as numerical models, while…

Bloom's taxonomy of the cognitive domain consists of six major levels: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. The purpose of this study is to construct a quantitative causal model for a set of tests designed to operationally define these six levels in order to further explore the validity of the cumulative…

The basic proposition of this study is that five dimensions of educational quality can serve as significant goals, that educational objectives emerging from the goals can be identified, that by improving and delivering school services and processes of quality we can elevate levels of student achievement and significantly advance students toward…

A conceptual model is presented for the development of thinking skills by using an instructional model employing high level cognitive demands. "Distancing" is proposed as the concept to denote behaviors or events that separate the child cognitively from the immediate behavioral environment. Forms and functions of distancing behavior are…

A model of conceptual learning and development that provides a framework for studying the course of cognitive development throughout the school years and also studying the learning concepts across short time intervals is discussed in this paper. The theory includes five main propositions. First, children learn four successively higher levels of…

This book of readings in social studies makes available several recent developments in this discipline and attempts to summarize some of the projects, monographs, and special programs being conducted at several major curriculum centers. Five facets of the new social studies are examined here. Part One is an overview of the nature and direction of…