Defines zero-based budgeting, compares it to traditional budgeting, and discusses five steps of a zero-base budget model: determining organization's goals and refining them into objectives; listing activities to achieve objectives in decision packages; evaluating decision packages; ranking packages by order of importance; and funding decision…

This brief paper explored two main implications and provided a model for a humanistic philosophy of education. (Author/RK)

Article presented guidelines for a program of environmental education and discussed attitudes toward the biophysical atmosphere. (Author/RK)

The variation in the conceptual frameworks and procedures utilized by evaluators is attributed to the lack of a unified undergirding theory of evaluation. Traditional and emerging definitions of educational evaluation are reviewed and a synthesized conceptualization of evaluation is presented. (Author/JKS)

Focuses on the overall family treatment process. Sub-steps involved in the major stages of Assessment, Contracting, Treatment and Closure are operationally described, and objectives for each sub-step are indicated. The model offers a guide for the basic treatment approach and a foundation for the work of advanced therapists. (Author/RC)

Discusses the differences among researchers in learning style definitions, instruments used to identify learning style, and the applications of their research. (Author/MLF)

In the 21st century, the redefinition of teacher professionalism will include three primary features: recognizing oneself as a learner; using that learning-centered spirit to transform schools into learning organizations; and reasserting one's own moral autonomy to provide space and time for serious, reflective thought and study. This redefinition…

The paradox that schools should promote equality of opportunity for minority students and quality education for majority students, but that they cannot foster both goals at once, is explored. Discarding the current definitions makes it possible to propose a model in which equality and quality are mutually supporting and enhancing. (SLD)

Argues that a holistic approach to defining quality is helpful to technical communicators, who often must ensure quality without knowing what is meant by quality in a given instance. Describes a holistic model of quality that includes four emphases: internal, external, subjective, and objective. Notes that the definition of quality differs…

Defines multimedia and proposes a framework that classifies communications technologies by bandwidth (the amount and kind of data a technology is capable of storing, transmitting, or displaying) and applications. An introduction to the articles contained in this special issue on multimedia is provided, and some crucial concepts are highlighted. A…

This paper responds to criticisms of the American Association on Mental Retardation's new definition of mental retardation. Emphasis is on the intent to change from a deficiency model to a support model, with more importance given to the role of the environment. Also addressed are IQ score guidelines, cultural bias, assessment, and public policy.…

Provides a dynamic model of communication that informs rhetorical invention in the hypertextual writing space. Defines hypertext as a writing space of possibilities where readers interact with writers in a collaborative effort to make meaning. (RS)

Compares definitions and core elements of learning organizations promulgated by Peter Senge, Victoria Marsick and Karen Watkins, Nancy Dixon, Michael Marquardt, Mike Pedler, and others. Discusses leadership implications and the need for employees to create a new learning infrastructure incorporating new leaders, critical thinking, and envisioning.…

Analysis of 30 elementary teachers' personal meaning of "intelligence" resulted in development of a three-component model: (1) acquisition performance (how much students learn), (2) retention performance (how much material students remember), and (3) utilization performance (how extensively students utilize learned material). Path analysis…

Reviews the history of the terms "impairment,""disability," and "handicap" in the stuttering literature and proposes alternate definitions that are more consistent with the use of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. A model is proposed for discussing the outcomes of various…