Advances in cognitive research increase the need for assessment that can address the processes and the strategies by which persons solve problems. Several psychometric models have been introduced to handle claims cast in information-processing terms, explicitly modeling performance in terms of theory-based predictions of performance. Cognitively…

This report addresses challenges associated with the reporting of test scores of students with disabilities participating in alternate assessments. It summarizes six models currently under construction or already being used by states. Using proficiency levels as a common reporting approach, the six models are: (1) same proficiency levels for…

This paper describes a theoretical framework for the investigation of some specific types of visual learning difficulties commonly experienced by biology undergraduates. The framework was developed based on the findings of three simple qualitative pilot studies. A variety of neurological, cognitive and cultural mechanisms can influence what humans…

This document provides some guidance to those who are exploring the connections between service-learning and evaluation. Categories are defined in the document by highlighting the following seven questions: (1) What do I need to know about the important issues involved in evaluating my service-learning program? (2) Do you have a model of…

Since the latter part of the 19th century, a fervent debate has ensued about quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. From these disputes, purists have emerged on both sides. Quantitative purists express assumptions that are consistent with a positivist philosophy, whereas qualitative purists (i.e., post-positivists, post-structuralists,…

The deliberation-resolution approach was used to study how adolescents cope with decision making. Deliberation involves identifying the problem, then exploring it, and developing a range of alternative solutions. Resolution means a clear, stable choice of one of the options with contingency plans should these be needed. Decision-making workshops…

Using data from a study of Black adolescents, the empirical implications were examined of five models which reflected common notions concerning the social influence process assumed to characterize the student-teaching role relationships. Results cast doubt on previous interpretations made in the literature. (Author/KM)

A systems approach provides planning by which counselors can (a) specify what they are trying to accomplish in operational terms, (b) develop specific procedures to promote these objectives, (c) monitor the client's progress continuously, and (d) determine empirically whether or not the counseling goals have been accomplished. (Author)

The author offers a three-dimensional model stressing problem solving, human relations skills, and professional knowledge as a guide for the development of competent supervisors. (Editor)

The meanings and interrelationships of simulation, gaming, programed learning and educational technology are considered. Three criteria are put forward for ascribing meanings to such terms. Gaming and simulation are found to have distinct but compatible properties. Program learning and educational technology are viewed as a process, not a product.…

Most of the social problems facing nations today, and the current drive for more citizen participation, stem from this experience of lack of power among many persons. (DM)

This paper explores implications of several agency models and the functions of the school psychologist in these settings. (Author)

Author expresses concern about a number of problems inherent in the DD and A processes as they now exist in education and feels that educational practitioners making changes and innovations need to be protected from research and evaluation reports of poor quality. (Author/MB)