Background: A number of disorders are associated with pragmatic difficulties. Instruments that can make subdivisions within the larger construct of pragmatics could be important tools for disentangling profiles of pragmatic difficulty in different disorders. The deficits underlying the observed pragmatic difficulties may be different for different…

In an effort to present important research results in readable form for elementary and secondary teachers of mathematics, this publication reviews a model and ways of effectively teaching mathematics. The model of instruction proposed by Good and Grouws is based on teacher-centered whole class instruction. Perspectives and guidance are offered in…

A project was designed to identify barriers which preclude cooperation or coordination among agencies (particularly the U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and the Environmental Protection Agency) in the discharge of their manpower responsibilities and to develop techniques for overcoming the barriers…

This paper focuses on the first steps (Planning and Organization) of a three-stage model designed to help school personnel deal with problem-oriented parent-teacher conferences. Seven distinct steps of the Planning and Organization stage are described in detail: (1) specifying the problem; (2) organizing information; (3) specifying objectives; (4)…

Research in education has not been relevant because: 1) Decision makers have been making decisions without research findings and see no need for this kind of information now; 2) Research findings in the local schools are usually made available to the decision-maker or administrator after the decisions have been implemented; 3) Researchers feel the…

The growing emphasis on planning and evaluation in educational institutions has resulted in rapid implementation of various strategies. Participant-consultant observations were used to focus on the problems of the implementation. Organizational conflicts were identified, and coping strategies were developed by an external agent. Several…

Suggests activities that use a variety of communication modes to help students develop a deeper understanding of mathematics. Highlights include writing projects such as student journals and creating word problems; problem-solving software; the use of games, oral presentations, charts, models, and graphs; reading activities; and developing…

Describes how a teacher education course with a strong clinical component can help preservice students acquire problem-solving teaching strategies. After summarizing the characteristics of classroom teachers who use the model, the article discusses the key elements of a teacher education course designed for the development of such teachers. (SM)

This paper describes the characteristics of graphic techniques, such as networks, pattern notes, semantic maps, and graphic organizers, that can be used to acquire knowledge of relationships between concepts in a content area. The implications for research and instructional design are considered, and nine types of these techniques are described…

Three models have been proposed to account for the relationship between the principle of commutativity and the development of more economical addition strategies, which disregard addend order. In the first and second models, it has been proposed that either discovery or assumption of commutativity is a necessary condition for the invention of…

A simulation model for use in library professional continuing education is described. (PF)

This paper attempted to resolve major methodological and design inadequacies associated with encounter, T-, and sensitivity groups. In addition, it highlighted some issues that have not been sufficiently considered previously. (Author/RK)

This report offers a theoretical approach to the study of family adaptation to stress. Major works pertaining to family theory, research, and stress, published since 1979, are explored as a theoretical framework, and three conclusions are drawn from these sources: (1) Hill's ABCX model of family stress still influences family stress research; (2)…

A poorly designed knowledge base can be as cryptic as an arbitrary program and just as difficult to maintain. Representing inference procedures abstractly, separately from domain facts and relations, makes the design more transparent and explainable. The combination of abstract procedures and relational language for organizing domain knowledge…

The notion of buggy procedures has played an important role in recent cognitive models of mathematical skills. Some earlier work on student modeling used artificial intelligence methods to automatically construct buggy models of student behavior. An alternate approach, proposed here, draws on insights from the rapidly developing field of machine…