The purpose of this paper is to report on the role of advocacy in the urban milieu. It explores the following areas: (1) history and current status of advocacy; (2) review of some advocacy efforts; and (3) significance of the Advocate Counseling Model, a legal and therapeutic counseling model to help people to advocate for themselves. It is of…

The goal of the present project was to identify the types of knowledge necessary and useful for competent troubleshooting/debugging and to examine how new approaches to formal instruction might influence the attainment of competence by students. The research focused on the role of general strategies in troubleshooting/debugging, and how they might…

The project detailed in this document was for the planning of an operational proposal which would allow the testing, in public school classrooms, of selected elements of the Tennessee Re-Education Institute's residential program designed for work with students having learning and behavior problems. The material in this document includes a…

Following a review of basic educational, social, and health constraints faced by single pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents, an urban community's action program directed to this group is described. The organizational structure of the action program is presented as a model for others to explore. (Author)

Social researchers under the influence of social stereotypes sometimes make generalizations which are partly true and partly false, and tend to use deceptive research models which in turn increase the number and influence of stereotypes. (JM)

Communities experiencing rapid growth due to energy development have serious and predictable social and human service problems, especially concerning women, the aged, and other minorities. The Wyoming Human Services Project, a model of impact mitigation, might be emulated elsewhere to modify the effects of such growth now and in the future.…

Research problems related to studies of school desegregation in urban areas are identified and discussed. A review of statistical models used in desegregation research indicates that deviation models are the most appropriate for investigating short-run effects of desegregation. (Author/DB)

Argues for a model of in-service training which allows teachers to learn "without a sense of demeaning themselves". (Editor)

Two experiments involving 67 elementary school and 439 high school students show that students present solutions to many unsolvable problems without showing realistic reactions. Results are discussed with respect to the quality of word problems in teaching mathematics, the culture of teaching and learning, and the issue of social rationality in…

Tested three models of children's mathematics word-problem solving based on developmental differences in quantitative conceptual structures: (1) quantitative relations represented as ordered array of mental objects; (2) numbers represented on two tentatively coordinated mental number lines; and (3) numerical operations represented as objects on…

Experiments in strategy instruction for mathematics have been conducted using three models (direct instruction, self-instruction, and guided learning) applied to the tasks of computation and word problem solving. Results have implications for effective strategy instruction for learning disabled students. It is recommended that strategy instruction…

Defends Merton's theory of strain and crime against recent criticism on the grounds that conceptual reinterpretations have differed from Merton's original statement. Through the analysis of data reported by 1614 juveniles, examines the empirical and theoretical implications of the reconciliation of strain implied in its current use. (Author/BJV)

Four approaches to services and intervention design for young children with learning and/or behavior problems are described, followed by a discussion of PASSKey (planned activity, systematic sampling, and keystone behavior), an ecobehavioral and naturalistic approach to intervention design. A case study illustrates the model. (Author/DB)

Discusses the importance of maintaining a critical perspective on questions related to the nature of youth and the possibilities of fruitful debate between globalization theory and youth cultural research. Considers examples from recent youth studies as a possible means of developing a continued critique of the "youth as trouble"…

A Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is mandated when schools deal with students presenting problems that lead to suspension or exclusion. The authors present a strength-based model for FBAs developed in a New York school for students with emotional and behavior problems. The Circle of Courage needs for Belonging, Mastery, Independence, and…