Two phenomena related to the quality of student responses in regard to items used in a testing situation are involved in the construction of a pupil response model. The underlying phenomenon which defines the individual's cognitive limits is termed the hypothetical cognitive structure (HCS). The second phenomenon, which is a function of not only…

This paper describing a newly created instructional approach developed at Oregon State University focuses on discussions of the process, a guided design decision-making strategy used by a team of instructors to design and develop the product, i.e., the feedback lecture approach, which is examined both in its developmental stage and in its measured…

This paper presents the rudiments of a constructivist conceptual framework which school psychologists can use to help parents develop positive parenting concepts. Problems arise if school psychologists rely solely on a mechanistic paradigm when they identify causes of unwanted behaviors and suggest specific remedial strategies. Operating within a…

Although conventional approaches to teaching psychology are probably effective to some degree, it is possible that psychology should be a "hands on" science, i.e., students of psychology should learn to apply the concepts and principles of the theoretical regions of psychology and to solve open-ended problems through the application of…

The purpose of this paper is to provide a perspective on advocacy and advocate counseling for participants in the University of Maryland Sixth Annual Community-Clinical Workshop, 1976. It attempts to define relevant terms and outline a method of self-advocacy which can, if utilized properly, lessen the impact of institutional racism. The terms,…

The program described in this manual is Project ROME-FOCUS--a field-oriented, competency-based instructional program for school administrators pursuing the sixth-year degree at Valdosta State College, Georgia. It is designed to help principals work more effectively with teachers in solving school problems. The manual is intended for use by both…

This report summarizes the theoretic background, rationale, and development of 14 simulated cases useful in comparing the problem-solving behaviors of clinicians as they diagnose the same case under the same conditions and in supplementing field experiences in teacher preparation programs. The first section of the report presents a theoretic…

THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR SOLVING EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS--(1) THE SYSTEMS CONCEPT, (2) THE RELIABILITY OF THE ASSUMPTIONS ON WHICH THE SYSTEMS APPROACH IS BASED, (3) THE LIMITATIONS INHERENT IN THE SYSTEMS APPROACH, (4) THE HUMAN ELEMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SYSTEMS APPROACH, (5) THE WAYS THE…

This study examines the extent to which modeling facilitates transformational problem solving in mathematics for children in kindergarten and first grade. Subjects were 20 children selected from each level. They responded to two problems for each of four problem types (counting on, story problems, quantitative comparisons, and ordination) under…

Piaget has hypothesized that concrete and formal operations can be described by specific logical models. The present study focused on assessing various aspects of four concrete operational groupings and two variations of two formal operational characteristics. Six hundred twenty-two 9-14 year old students participating in the Human Sciences…

The purpose of this study was the construction of a theoretical model for analyzing mathematical problem solving. A list of general problem-solving abilities was generated through a literature search. This list was narrowed to eight basic abilities pertinent to mathematics problem solving. Each of these was operationally defined and exemplified in…

The mathematical exercise of the the Prisoner's Dilemma is used to explore the issue of whether present models or paradigms of policy analysis cover the complete range of rational decision making. A review of the competing paradigms of the cybernetic concept, the analytic probability concept, and the cognitive categorization concept reveals…

This paper examines three recent studies of patterns of public participation in educational decision-making conducted by Peshkin, Schaffarzick, and Zeigler, briefly analyzing each study in terms of three models of public policy formation: (1) the traditional democratic or formal bureaucratic model, (2) the technological or empirical bureaucratic…

The Waubonsee Community College Ad Hocracy model of governance incorporates the concept of a streamlined, flexible organizational structure which allows for voluntary participation in problem-solving and decision-making. Central to this model is the concept of open meetings which provide for the consideration of all views and the reaching of…

The activities and research directions of the Educational Search Strategies project are outlined in this progress report. A pilot project was undertaken to study the development of problems into research projects. The research was to be divided into three areas: problem perception and problem definition, information search and dissemination, and…