Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a task to model students' knowledge based on their coursework interactions within an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) showed superb performance over classical methods on multiple dataset benchmarks. While most Deep Learning based Knowledge Tracing (DLKT) models are optimized for…

Assessment is one of the thorniest aspects of teaching for creativity. Nevertheless, research suggests there is tremendous potential for nurturing creativity through assessment. This article identifies how music educators can leverage assessment for learning (formative assessment) as a powerful tool for cultivating creativity within a variety of…

Whether corporations voluntarily reduce their negative impacts on the environment and society depends upon management advocacy. As future corporate leaders, accounting students will have a critical advocacy role, but they have been taught that shareholder value should not be sacrificed to reduce the externalized environmental and social costs…

Background: It is well established in the literature that active learning instruction in introductory STEM courses results in many desired student outcomes. Yet, regular use of high-quality active learning is not the norm in many STEM departments. Using results of a national survey, we identified 16 departments where multiple instructors reported…

Learning to plan modeling-based investigations (MBIs) presents significant challenges for pre-service elementary teachers. Although they understand disciplinary core ideas and modeling practices, they address both as competing learning goals and, as novices, they have not experienced how to structure MBIs for their future students. In the context…

Special education assessment has a significant impact on the lives of children with disabilities and their families. However, traditional assessment practices have been critiqued as being deficit-based, overly focused on "labeling" students, and failing to provide a holistic understanding of the student. Assessment models such as…

Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) have grown in popularity as stakeholders increasingly desire actionable information related to students' skill competencies. Longitudinal DCMs offer a psychometric framework for providing estimates of students' proficiency status transitions over time. For both cross-sectional and longitudinal DCMs, it is…

We conducted an extensive Monte Carlo study of factor-rotation local solutions (LS) in multidimensional, two-parameter logistic (M2PL) item response models. In this study, we simulated more than 19,200 data sets that were drawn from 96 model conditions and performed more than 7.6 million rotations to examine the influence of (a) slope parameter…

This conceptual paper discusses 'unseen observation' as an alternative model of classroom observation to support teachers' professional learning. The paper starts with a critical synopsis of how observation has been appropriated principally as a performance management tool for monitoring teacher effectiveness in the UK. It argues that the…

Teacher-student interaction (TSI) is the core element and important teaching method of smart classroom. Improving the quality of smart classroom teaching and developing higher-order thinking (HOT) among students requires strengthening research on the TSI structure in smart classroom. At present, the structure model of TSI in smart classroom mainly…

Typically, vocabulary instruction is associated as part of reading instruction. However, vocabulary instruction is also a necessary component of mathematics instruction. In fact, state and national standards (e.g., Common Core State Standards) require elementary students to communicate about mathematics to provide clear explanations, construct…

Item response theory (IRT) models the relationship between the possible scores on a test item against a test taker's attainment of the latent trait that the item is intended to measure. In this study, we compare two models for tests with polytomously scored items: the optimal scoring (OS) model, a nonparametric IRT model based on the principles of…

Artificial intelligence technology has become widely used in many industries, including healthcare, agriculture, banking, social security, and home furnishings, due to the rise and development of this discipline. One of the newest areas of technology in the education industry is AI in Education, where extensive research supports instructional…

Especially within the light of the current loss of biodiversity, we want our students to gain a better understanding of the issues at stake in order to take action and support plants and their pollinators. Many educational approaches focus on honeybees, disregarding the vast diversity in the context of pollination systems and the complex…

Given the frequent presence of slipping and guessing in item responses, models for the inclusion of their effects are highly important. Unfortunately, the most common model for their inclusion, the four-parameter item response theory model, potentially has severe deficiencies related to its possible unidentifiability. With this issue in mind, the…