Reaffirms the random and unpredictable nature of second-order changes. Sees human beings as open systems and entropy determining the irreversibility of such systems. Appreciates readers' advocacy of research to test the theory and suggests the need for practitioners and teachers to be open to change in themselves if they are to expect others to…

The model presented is intended to return discipline to a legitimate place in education and educational research; it focuses on three elements--pupil development, ecological factors, and disciplinary approaches. (DS)

Meta-analysis of youth leadership development literature resulted in a conceptual model and curriculum framework. Model dimensions are leadership knowledge and information; leadership attitudes, will, and desire; decision making, reasoning, and critical thinking; oral and written communication; and intra/interpersonal relations. Dimensions have…

King and Kitchener's model delineates seven consistent patterns that describe how people approach complex issues and defend what they believe. A wide variety of interactions with students can be used to foster reflective thinking in college students. Student affairs professionals' challenge is to stimulate students to ask more complex questions…

Students have high expectations for the experience when entering college, but it is unknown if their experiences match their expectations. This study investigates whether expectation-experience discrepancies are related to a diminished experience; it also tests the hypothesis that a focus on first-year developmental advising would be related to…

In recent years teachers within the classroom have experienced an increase in the off-task behaviors of students. The purpose of this action research project was to increase on-task behavior through development of classroom social skills. The causes may be a lack of social skills, outside influences, presentation of materials, students not…

Although there is widespread agreement on the importance of ethics instruction in business education, there is not agreement on the best approach or timing of instruction. This article uses J. O. Prochaska and DiClemente's transtheoretical model of change as the basis for a developmental model of student readiness for learning about ethics. By…

Presents the Margaret Sloss Women's Center as a model to assist in the continued development of campus-based women's centers. Discusses the purpose and mission of the center and describes areas of advocacy, information and referrals, programming, and organizational structure. (Author/NB)

Presents "upstream", a model for the utilization of professional counseling services in the residence halls, encompassing developmental, preventive, and remedial approaches. Suggests that the professional counselor can assist in four capacities in the actualization of these approaches: as a therapist, as a consultant, as a change agent,…

An important goal of a social studies program is not only to help students face change but also to develop future goals for himself as an individual. This article considers a process for instructing students to use the past and the present for projecting the future. (Author/RK)

This paper is directed toward the problem of building an organization to fulfill the goals of student development. (Author)

The authors present a model of student development that illuminates the process students undergo as they deal with gender issues in counselor training. The model is based on the foundational concepts of the Relational-Cultural Model. Methods of teaching are discussed to provide counselor educators with strategies for facilitating mutual growth…

This chapter explores the dynamics of generational cohort differences and their potential influence on the understandings, emphases, and applications of student development theory.

It is understandable that parents, policy makers, educators, etc. want to know how schools are functioning. Extensive resources are expended on the educational enterprise and it is only reasonable that the impact of those resources be determined. However, determining the amount of change in students' skills and knowledge is not easy. Further,…

For educators in the field of higher education and judicial affairs, issues are growing. Campus adjudicators must somehow maximize every opportunity for student education and development in the context of declining resources and increasing expectations of public accountability. Numbers of student misconduct cases, including matters of violence and…