Reviews the organizational elements model of Kaufman and English, which uses internal factors alone as the basis for planning, and argues for reversing its order of consideration to achieve more useful results; i.e., to start with outcomes (societal requirements) and then move back through outputs, products, processes, and inputs. (Author/JD)

Discusses the importance of client styles, consulting modes, and development of relationships in the management of a process designed to provide better instructional alternatives. A summary of factors contributing to effective relationships is included. (CHC)

Describes an effort to improve the effectiveness of an instructional development program in a dental school by modifying the level of organizational readiness and individual faculty readiness for instructional innovation and change. It is a tactical example of an attempt to alter the setting in a specific educational institution. (Author/JEG)

A survey of continuing educators (n=96) on the use of instructional development in continuing education for professionals is reported. Major factors associated with the use or lack of use of instructional development are discussed. Three models of the use of instructional development developed through selected cases are provided. (Author/DB)

Examines paradigms in instructional design and the collaborative design process. Based on experiences in a collaborative videodisc design project, a model of instructional design as art is proposed as an alternative to the generic characteristics of a systems approach. Promotion of culture-building in an instructional design environment is also…

Information skills instruction is a fundamental and vital part of K-12 education in the 21st century. "The Handy 5", a proven effective model for planning, teaching, and assessing information skills instruction, was written to help library media specialists and teachers to collaborate more effectively in the teaching of information skills. This…

This paper introduces a conceptual model for supporting the continued development of service-learning as a pedagogy of engagement. A logic diagram is used to facilitate understanding of service-learning. The model illustrates the (a) complex elements involved in creating or sustaining a strong program, (b) potential tensions within the field, and…

This document consists of a number of figures and diagrams suitable for overhead transparencies that illustrate and elaborate on the prnciples of failure-oriented training (a model for improving the effectiveness of instructional analysis). By adding a few simple steps to analysis, the resulting training will be closer to the idealized tutor:…

This chapter discusses the foundations of instructional development and analyzes the development of various models, paradigms, archetypes, and themata used to describe instructional development. Two key strands in the literature of instructional development--instructional efficiency ("doing the right things") and instructional…

This examination of the communication and interpersonal aspects of the instructional developer/client consulting relationship suggests that communication breakdowns are more than likely due to a misunderstanding of the client's characteristics on the part of the developer. Several models of the consulting relationship are presented, and specific…

This chapter considers the history of instructional development (ID) in the military, with particular emphasis on the U.S. Navy. The ID process used at the Navy's Instructional Program Development Centers is presented, including the process for simulator development. An in-depth analysis of the problems encountered with educational technology…

The open-systems model of instructional development (ID) proposed for use in both educational and non-educational organizations is based on an extensive examination of ID, the systems and communication/consulting literature, and the results of a nationwide survey of 750 currently active ID professionals in both higher education and…

Many articles have appeared in the educational, instructional, and psychological literature questioning the adequacy of the technology available for devising instruction, and the usability of the instructional research literature as a source of the technology. A systematic planning model is a useful framework for organizing what has to be done to…

This discussion of the use of various delivery systems and models of instruction for technical training in the field of measurement and control includes a review of the basic requirements of a learning system. Several aspects of such a system are considered, i.e., the design of a learning system through the use of computer assisted instruction,…

Discusses the problem of designing educational systems for the aged to maximize their potential for success. Suggests that complex changes in working memory occur with advanced age; by understanding the nature of these changes, educational materials can be designed which properly refresh memory and guide comprehension. (JAC)