This study assessed the invariance in the factor structure of the "Test of English as a Foreign Language"™ Internet-based test (TOEFL® iBT) across subgroups of test takers who differed in native language and exposure to the English language. The subgroups were defined by (a) Indo-European and Non-Indo-European language family, (b)…

The paper describes a classification system for adaptive methods developed in the area of adaptive educational hypermedia based on four dimensions: What components of the educational system are adapted? To what features of the user and the current context does the system adapt? Why does the system adapt? How does the system get the necessary…

School-university partnerships are not uni-dimensional projects. Success in these partnerships can be found in loosely-coupled systems such as client-server partnerships and in more tightly-coupled systems such as collaborative development centers. Using a comparative case study approach, we explore two school-university partnership case studies…

This report describes the application of a shell expert system from the medical diagnostic system, Neomycin, to Caster, a diagnostic system for malfunctions in industrial sandcasting. This system was developed to test the hypothesis that starting with a well-developed classification procedure and a relational language for stating the…

Defining interpersonal orientations as the characteristic and consistent ways in which individuals interact with others, this paper examines various conceptualizations and theories regarding such orientations in order to discover how they affect interpersonal communication. In particular, the paper (1) reviews work concerning psychological types;…

Examined are cultural patterns, issues, and trends associated with proposed changes in the labeling and classification of blind people. (MC)

Supported by the United States Office of Education, Small Projects Program, Grant No. 7-E-103.

Hitherto, theories of similarity have restricted themselves to judgments of what might be called literal similarity. A central thesis of this paper is that a complete account of similarity needs also to be sensitive to nonliteralness, or metaphoricity, an aspect of similarity statements that is most evident in similes, but that actually underlies…

This report describes a preliminary attempt to explore and map the research information, products, and strategies with implications for educational policy. Since efforts were directed toward breadth rather than depth coverage, the results were more useful in identifying gaps than in analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the available…

A theoretical model is developed for analysis of intervention effects in multiple autocorrelated time-series which may be classified or blocked two ways. The intervention effect is estimated independently for each series. The estimates are then entered as observations in two-factor analysis of variance with one observation per cell, utilizing a…

The paper develops a suggested model of process space for the Input, Process, Product, and Impact (IPPI) model of vocational education. Part 1 presents the need; Part 2 develops a schema for classifying process variables (human, physical, and organizational); their interactive nature is reflected in a dual classification system which enables users…

This final report indicates the general areas of investigation in a program of research in the prediction of personal adjustment, conducted over a seventeen-year period. The crucial problems in the prediction of personal adjustment are fundamentally concerned with the data matrix which reflects the experimental designs and displays the essential…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of adult education in nation-building. Nation-building was defined as a process of building group cohesion and group loyalty for the purposes of domestic planning and international representation. Models were designed for the purpose of analyzing the function of adult education in…

In providing a general systems theory approach to the study of occupational choice two major goals are: (1) present a macro level framework in which extant theoretical approaches and concepts may be ordered; and (2) explicate the complexity of dealing with only one partially developed submodel derived from the broader model of relationships about…