Massive open online courses offer a valuable platform for efficient and flexible learning. They can improve teaching and learning effectiveness by enabling the evaluation of learning behaviors and the collection of feedback from students. The knowledge map approach constitutes a suitable tool for evaluating and presenting students' learning…

Federal efforts to improve American students' achievement through high-stakes testing have led to significant concerns about the fairness and effectiveness of standardized tests. We attribute these concerns to the use of summative tests to assess academic progress without the benefits of an effective formative model of assessment and instruction,…

The historical background of mastery learning is discussed and related to the use of the traditional normal curve and to the nature of curves which express more adequately the mastery learning concept. It is suggested that the mastery model calls for strategies that: inform students about course expectations; set standards of mastery in advance;…