In 1881, Donald MacAlister posed a problem in the "Educational Times" that remains relevant today. The problem centers on the statistical evidence for the effectiveness of a treatment based on a comparison between two proportions. A brief historical sketch is followed by a discussion of two default Bayesian solutions, one based on a…

In this article, a Bayesian model selection approach is introduced that can select the best of a set of inequality and equality constrained hypotheses for contingency tables. The hypotheses are presented in terms of cell probabilities allowing researchers to test (in)equality constrained hypotheses in a format that is directly related to the data.…

In solving a problem, how does the subject single out an intermediate hypothesis? When a sequence of hypotheses does not lead to a solution, how does he revise them? Does he give up the entire sequence? Article considered these problems. (Author/RK)

For the educational researcher needing to analyze frequency counts arising from cross classification of a sample of observations on a number of qualitative variables, a unified approach is described for the analysis of the p-way contingency table which enriches our understanding of the relationships existing among the classification variables.…

The relative power of the Mann-Whitney statistic, the t-statistic, the median test, a test based on exceedances (A,B), and two special cases of (A,B) the Tukey quick test and the revised Tukey quick test, was investigated via a Monte Carlo experiment. These procedures were compared across four population probability models: uniform, beta, normal,…

The Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) approach to social cognition was used to study some traditional balance theory problems and several additional problems as well. (Editor)

Describes a study that determined which reference sources, including nongovernment, were most useful in answering questions about U.S. congressional matters by using a computer science technique called state-transition modeling. Implications for document librarians, the Government Printing Office, and the Superintendent of Documents are discussed.…

The mathematical derivation of the statistics used for inference in some linear models assumes that the values of the independent variables are measured without error. This assumption is often disregarded when these models are utilized in research. This study is an investigation of the consequences of the violation of this assumption for one…

Relative effectiveness of indexing using full-text or less than full-text was tested using non-Boolean, chaining type of file structure and searching method. Indexing was done using titles, abstracts, full-text, references, and various combinations; Goffman's indirect method of information retrieval was used to structure and search file.…

Tests hierarchical regression model--library employee's salary is a function of library size, public sector collective bargaining strength, library's ability to pay, cost of living in area, presence of any union and union representing librarians in library--on three salary levels (department head, beginning librarian, clerical worker). (29…

Examines the hypothesis that family origins will be of substantially greater import in determining the formation of aspirations than will ability and performance in Brazil. Presents data to evaluate the adequacy of the first stages of the Sewell and associates social psychological model of status attainment for Brazil. (Author/RK)

Describes a study that established a measure and model for use in predicting and explaining electronic mail systems as an example of computer-mediated communication technologies usage and choice. The results indicated that all of the eight hypotheses showed significant correlation between criterion and predictor variates, supported by different…

The intention of this research is to contribute additional data, hopefully bearing on the solution to some of the problems and indirectly, the cause(s) of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and to present ideas for consideration for future SIDS research. (Author/RK)

Describes a study with undergraduate students that examined whether the appearance of graphics and other visuals in a television newscast would result in lower recall of audio content, whether such visuals would promote comprehension of each story as a whole, and whether subjects would prefer stories with visuals. (24 references) (LRW)

Professional librarians were subjects for an exploratory study which used a model to test two hypotheses examining whether use of assertiveness by subordinates is associated with desired leader behavior. Findings suggest people's assertiveness is not related to their perception of their leader's behavior or their own role stress. (Sixty-three…