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Holden, Mark P.; Newcombe, Nora S.; Shipley, Thomas F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Memories for spatial locations often show systematic errors toward the central value of the surrounding region. The Category Adjustment (CA) model suggests that this bias is due to a Bayesian combination of categorical and metric information, which offers an optimal solution under conditions of uncertainty (Huttenlocher, Hedges, & Duncan,…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Memory, Models, Task Analysis
Berney, Sandra; Bétrancourt, Mireille; Molinari, Gaëlle; Hoyek, Nady – Anatomical Sciences Education, 2015
The emergence of dynamic visualizations of three-dimensional (3D) models in anatomy curricula may be an adequate solution for spatial difficulties encountered with traditional static learning, as they provide direct visualization of change throughout the viewpoints. However, little research has explored the interplay between learning material…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Visualization, Computer Simulation, Models
Johnson, Sarah A.; Sacks, Patricia K.; Turner, Sean M.; Gaynor, Leslie S.; Ormerod, Brandi K.; Maurer, Andrew P.; Bizon, Jennifer L.; Burke, Sara N. – Learning & Memory, 2016
Hippocampal-dependent episodic memory and stimulus discrimination abilities are both compromised in the elderly. The reduced capacity to discriminate between similar stimuli likely contributes to multiple aspects of age-related cognitive impairment; however, the association of these behaviors within individuals has never been examined in an animal…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Models, Tests
Jakab, Imrich; Ševcík, Michal; Grežo, Henrich – Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 2017
The methods of geospatial data processing are being continually innovated, and universities that are focused on educating experts in Environmental Science should reflect this reality with an elaborate and purpose-built modernization of the education process, education content, as well as learning conditions. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)…
Descriptors: Models, Higher Education, Geographic Information Systems, Environmental Education
Allen, Richard J.; Havelka, Jelena; Falcon, Thomas; Evans, Sally; Darling, Stephen – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
The question of how meaningful associations between verbal and spatial information might be utilized to facilitate working memory performance is potentially highly instructive for models of memory function. The present study explored how separable processing capacities within specialized domains might each contribute to this, by examining the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Visual Perception, Correlation
White, Corey N.; Brown, Scott; Ratcliff, Roger – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Two Bayesian observer models were recently proposed to account for data from the Eriksen flanker task, in which flanking items interfere with processing of a central target. One model assumes that interference stems from a perceptual bias to process nearby items as if they are compatible, and the other assumes that the interference is due to…
Descriptors: Tests, Bayesian Statistics, Cognitive Processes, Task Analysis
Lipinski, John; Schneegans, Sebastian; Sandamirskaya, Yulia; Spencer, John P.; Schoner, Gregor – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
We propose a neural dynamic model that specifies how low-level visual processes can be integrated with higher level cognition to achieve flexible spatial language behaviors. This model uses real-word visual input that is linked to relational spatial descriptions through a neural mechanism for reference frame transformations. We demonstrate that…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Visual Stimuli
Saint-Aubin, Jean; Voyer, Daniel; Roy, Macha – Learning and Individual Differences, 2012
When readers must search for a target letter while reading a continuous text, they are more likely to miss targets in frequent function words than in less frequent content words. This missing-letter effect has been found across many languages, methodologies, and types of reading materials. Despite the ubiquity of the missing-letter effect, sex…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Instructional Effectiveness, Reading Materials, Reading Rate
Richard, Laurence; Waller, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Mou, Zhao, and McNamara (2007) proposed the "intrinsic model of human spatial memory," which posits that a viewer's memory of an array of objects will exhibit a preferred direction that is aligned with an intrinsic axis of the array. They defined intrinsic axes as salient axes created in part by the physical (geometric) properties of the…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Memory, Task Analysis, Models
Goschke, Thomas; Bolte, Annette – Cognitive Psychology, 2012
Learning sequential structures is of fundamental importance for a wide variety of human skills. While it has long been debated whether implicit sequence learning is perceptual or response-based, here we propose an alternative framework that cuts across this dichotomy and assumes that sequence learning rests on associative changes that can occur…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Reaction Time, Tests, Models
Rozencwajg, Paulette; Fenouillet, Fabien – Learning and Individual Differences, 2012
In this experiment we studied the effect of goal setting on the strategies used to perform a block design task called SAMUEL. SAMUEL can measure many indicators, which are then combined to determine the strategies used by participants when solving SAMUEL problems. Two experimental groups were created: one group was given an explicit, difficult…
Descriptors: Experimental Groups, Intelligence, Instructional Design, Goal Orientation
Talamini, Lucia M.; Gorree, Eva – Learning & Memory, 2012
Some memories about events can persist for decades, even a lifetime. However, recent memories incorporate rich sensory information, including knowledge on the spatial and temporal ordering of event features, while old memories typically lack this "filmic" quality. We suggest that this apparent change in the nature of memories may reflect a…
Descriptors: Intervals, Models, Recall (Psychology), Long Term Memory
Tsubota, Yoko; Chen, Zhe – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2012
Three experiments were designed to examine how experience affects young children's spatio-symbolic skills over short time scales. Spatio-symbolic reasoning refers to the ability to interpret and use spatial relations, such as those encountered on a map, to solve symbolic tasks. We designed three tasks in which the featural and spatial…
Descriptors: Cues, Systems Approach, Young Children, Spatial Ability
Bril, Blandine; Rein, Robert; Nonaka, Tetsushi; Wenban-Smith, Francis; Dietrich, Gilles – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Tool use can be considered a particularly useful model to understand the nature of functional actions. In 3 experiments, tool-use actions typified by stone knapping were investigated. Participants had to detach stone flakes from a flint core through a conchoidal fracture. Successful flake detachment requires controlling various functional…
Descriptors: Equipment, Kinetics, Models, Expertise
Stull, Andrew T.; Hegarty, Mary; Dixon, Bonnie; Stieff, Mike – Cognition and Instruction, 2012
In representation-rich domains such as organic chemistry, students must be facile and accurate when translating between different 2D representations, such as diagrams. We hypothesized that translating between organic chemistry diagrams would be more accurate when concrete models were used because difficult mental processes could be augmented by…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Control Groups, Organic Chemistry, Direct Instruction