As strongly suggested by recent work, patterns of gender difference can change because of changes in the selectivity of the sample itself. This is a statistical influence connected with the distributions of female and male scores, rather than a substantive influence related to demographic characteristics of the sample such as age or ethnicity. It…

Implications of difficulties in using intuitive statistical reasoning are considered as they bear on the theoretic model viewing persons as intuitive scientists who make causal attributions in everyday life. Data sampling strategies and use of judgment rules to identify covariant events were investigated in two studies. Using a rule-analytic…