Tested a model of family conflict and coercion that linked economic stress in family life to adolescent symptoms of internalizing and externalizing emotions and behaviors. Subjects were 378 seventh graders and their families in rural Iowa. Found that spousal irritability and hostile exchanges over money matters increased the likelihood of…

Investigated gender-related differences in the process of solving routine word problems using a nine-step strategy in (n=153) sixth- and (n=149) eighth-grade students. Females were slightly better than males at following the prescribed problem-solving process. Includes test items. (39 references) (MKR)

Assessed the relative difficulty in the utilization of oddity and matching response strategies in 144 children, ages 5-13 years. A model of matching and oddity problem-solving is presented based on the data collected. (Author/ED)

Two studies investigated two groups of young children at the ages of four and eight years, respectively. Subjects were required to solve a simple problem task by performing a response opposite to that demonstrated by an adult. Girls' performance was significantly worse than boys', regardless of the sex of the model. (Author/CI)

Examined a theoretical model of adolescent behavior which hypothesizes that depression and self-derogation may lead to a lack of purpose in life, which, in turn, may lead to suicide ideation and substance use. The model adequately accounted for the data although there were some important differences between the sexes. (Author/BL)

Seventy-two Ss attempted to solve four "who-done-it" type deductive reasoning problems which varied in mode of representation, type of logical connective employed, and affirmative versus negative statement of information. Affirmative and conjunctive problems were solved more frequently than negative and disjunctive problems (all are defined in the…

Tested a model consisting of social class, balance of resources between partners, and experience with violence in family of orientation (factors that have greatest salience to spouse abuse) on a sample of 484 white college students. Results suggest that models based on marital violence may have limited predictive power in accounting for violence…

Behavioral literature on childhood fears, including conceptual models, normative research, and fear-reduction studies is reviewed. (Author/MP)

Discusses the importance of counseling guided by a life-span development model. Emphasizes that one popular theory should be modified by taking into account a broader understanding of life-span development in terms of commonalities and differences in male and female development. Examines implications with borderline personality disorder and…

Unequal treatment, unequal value and unequal power are three aspects of the gender balance argument in public relations. The few models describing how public relations is practiced do not distinguish the component parts on the basis of gender. Such models do not consider the men and women in the intra-institutional processes as processors of…

Studied 100 clients of the East Baton Rouge Parish Family Court to develop predictive model for identifying offenders at high risk for recidivism. Found important predictor variables to be presence of delinquent siblings or friends, school problems, type of offense committed, and gender of delinquent. (Author/NB)

A model that incorporates both socioenvironmental and psychological factors was developed in an attempt to explain adolescent suicide ideation. A sample of 407 high school students was used to test the model. (Author/LMO)

Discusses how Holland's typology of personality styles and person-environment interaction can serve as a framework for increasing adult male use of mental health services. Suggests counseling techniques which may be more suitable for males having a realistic personality style. (Author)

Analysis of data (n=11,739) from a Social Security Survey (1978) examined rehabilitation and mental health characteristics of people with various disabilities or health problems. Correlates of psychological distress included nature of the disability, race, education, gender. Men and women also responded differently to rehabilitation with men…