Contends that sex differences in response to various types of humor reveal significant personality characteristics. (MH)

Seventy-two Ss attempted to solve four "who-done-it" type deductive reasoning problems which varied in mode of representation, type of logical connective employed, and affirmative versus negative statement of information. Affirmative and conjunctive problems were solved more frequently than negative and disjunctive problems (all are defined in the…

This study examined a model suggesting that personal variables (age and gender) and environmental variables (activity centers) affect social-cognitive aspects of children's play. A total of 80 children (32 boys and 48 girls) participated. Same-age and same-gender dyads from each of two age groups (4- and 5-year-olds) were observed playing in an…

Supported by the United States Office of Education, Small Projects Program, Grant No. 7-E-103.

This research examined the relationships between ego functioning in adolescence and two domains of operational thinking: social interpersonal reasoning and physical-mathematical reasoning in 139 high school seniors. Results indicated significant differences between males and females in patterns of correlations and in patterns of relationships in a…

Determined the effects of reasoning, use of models during testing, and sex type on posttest achievement in chemical bonding under controlled instruction. Indicates that chemistry students' (N=84) reasoning capabilities influenced performance; other variables were not significant. Other conclusions are noted and discussed. (DH)

In a longitudinal investigation, a model was developed to assess behavioral, social, and cognitive influences on the academic self-concept of 104 adolescents (57 males, 47 females) who participated in the Fullerton Longitudinal Study between 18 months and 17 years of age. The basic model was Academic Self-Concept = Constant + Behavior + Social +…

The conceptual starting point for almost all recent gender related theory and research is to identify the characteristics of current educational practice as rooted in a type of thought that is linear, analytical, stage dependent, discursive, and "objective," and that separates thought and language--this is the mode that is typically associated…

Finds a direct relationship between overinclusion and field dependence. Sees sex differences in "Epstein's Overinclusion Test." Notes that a direct relation exists between two tests of retardedness and both overinclusion and field dependence, suggesting that these two concepts may be part of a larger, more comprehensive construct. (RL)

In 2 experiments, 261 middle school students processed an analogy and responded to factual and inferential target-domain questions in a study of variables that contribute to the formation of analogical misconceptions. Results of both experiments support a six-variable model of analogical misconception formation. (SLD)

In an exploratory study of peak communication experiences (PCEs), 36 male and 50 female undergraduates from a speech communication course were asked to describe their PCEs using 19 descriptors derived from A. Maslow's model of the generalized peak experience. Two-thirds or more of both sexes used 10 of these 19 descriptors to characterize their…

Examines the relationship between adults' gender-related personality characteristics and memory for gender-stereotyped and counterstereotyped televised information with 80 middle-class undergraduates (half of each gender). Results suggest that gender-aschematic adults recall more counter-stereotypical information than do gender-schematic adults.…

The planning, attention, simultaneous, successive (PASS) cognitive processing model was applied to the study of gender differences for 94 male and 103 female elementary school and high school students. Results show that the PASS model offers a feasible approach to the conceptualization of cognitive processes. (SLD)

Implications of difficulties in using intuitive statistical reasoning are considered as they bear on the theoretic model viewing persons as intuitive scientists who make causal attributions in everyday life. Data sampling strategies and use of judgment rules to identify covariant events were investigated in two studies. Using a rule-analytic…

Differences in critical thinking between undergraduate and graduate students in the social and mathematical sciences was investigated using multiple measures of critical thinking that reflect different types of problem structure. Educational level and academic area differences were found across measures. (Author/MLW)