This paper attempts to provide a broad theoretical framework for understanding planning in organizations and other social systems; and it identifies the key conditions, processes, and structures of social systems in the planning concept. While other frameworks exist that detail singular aspects of planning as it actually occurs and describe…

While assuming the uniqueness of the educational organization, educational administrators can nevertheless learn five important principles from business management. The five principles are: (1) defining organizational goals; (2) implementation of goals on a cost-effective basis; (3) monitoring and assessmentof staff performance; (4) a formal…