Two concerns labeled as fundamental to the field of curriculum are identified: (1) the identification of educational content, and (2) the development of ways to make it available to young people. These factors are reviewed from the perspective of their influence on the mathematics curriculum, with note that the critical integral relationship…

A discussion is presented concerning variables associated with children's representation of certain addition and subtraction problems. Problem components are classified as physical, pictorial, sensual, verbal-spoken, verbal-written, symbolic, or internal. Problems are discussed as abstract (symbolic) or nonsymbolic. Three problem components are…