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Allison, Katherine Elizabeth – ProQuest LLC, 2019
Increased use of achievement scores to measure the impact of school principals on student outcomes has led to increased attention on how best to generate estimates of principal effects. This study joins others in the field in attempting to estimate how K-12 principals affect test score outcomes of students in their schools. Toward this end, this…
Descriptors: Principals, Student Development, Academic Achievement, Outcomes of Education
Chen, Qi; Hughes, Jan N.; Kwok, Oi-Man – Elementary School Journal, 2014
The authors investigated the differential effect of retention on the development of academic achievement from grades 1 to 5 on children retained in grade 1 over 6 years. Growth mixture model (GMM) analyses supported the existence of two distinct trajectory groups of retained children for both reading and math among 125 ethnically and…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade Repetition, Academic Achievement, Grade 1

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