Temperament and attachment, as defined by Bowlby and his followers, are fundamentally different constructs, and research guided by the attachment perspective cannot meaningfully be assimilated to the temperament construct. Qualitative aspects of relationships simply cannot be reduced to individual behavioral dimensions. (RH)

This paper indicates underlying philosophic assumptions which are compatible with the behavior analysis approach to child development. Four issues taken into consideration are (a) biology and environment, (b) structure and function, (c) traits and situations, and (d) mechanistic and organismic approaches to development. The following ideas…

This paper attempts to clarify the vocabulary, issues, research findings, and direction of the development of counseling research up to the present. With changing times and dissatisfaction with counseling results and outcome research approaches, a more comprehensive and interactional view of counseling research and practice has developed. The…