Suggests that a model of learned helplessness must give equal weight to motivational and cognitive components. Subjects were 102 female and 58 male college students in psychology classes. (MP)

A previous article, EA 500 335, is criticized for claiming the applicability of the CRAM model without research documentation. (MF)

Current research and theory largely ignore the role of learning and feedback in the decision-making process. A theory of action based on single-loop learning is the most general current model of action. A double-loop model that provides feedback and more effective decision-making is proposed. (Author/IRT)

Administrative experimentation includes a class of heuristics for obtaining feedback on management decisions in what amounts to a continuous trial and error process. Available from Management Science, Institute of Management Sciences, Circulation Dept., 345 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511; single copy $4.50. (Author/IRT)

Suggests that organizational development consultants should use more explicit representations of the problems they work on with client teams. Offers an approach to overcome difficulties and provides a strategy for intervening in the processes of problem definition in teams. (Author)

At this time, those responsible for the retarded are asked to be accountable for new dollars spent. In most cases, tools and techniques that can be used to develop accountability models have not been integrated into systems that serve the retarded. This presentation deals with philosophies, tools, and techniques that can be used to improve present…

This book presents a developmental model for peer helping which places less emphasis on students in crises and more emphasis on helping them in advance of serious problems. The first chapter introduces peer helping and the facilitative model and provides an overview of the book. The second chapter discusses principles of human behavior. The third…

The study focuses on the survey Feedback--Problem Solving--Collective Decision intervention, a structural/task-oriented approach to planned organizational change. The objective of this research program is to further refine an organizational development approach which provides schools with a structure consistent with the environment of educational…

Presents the results of a study which sought to determine if prior learning of basic problem-solving steps, the practicing of problem-solving skills, and the receiving of feedback during play were important variables in the use of role-playing activities to teach high school students a specific problem-solving model. (Author/JL)

This study examined how readily teachers learn the components of the troubleshooting model of Tillman (1982) via a guided design approach, the consistency of the language of the model with the language of teachers, and the concerns teachers express about guided design as an instructional innovation. Forty-five teachers enrolled in a graduate level…

This paper describing a newly created instructional approach developed at Oregon State University focuses on discussions of the process, a guided design decision-making strategy used by a team of instructors to design and develop the product, i.e., the feedback lecture approach, which is examined both in its developmental stage and in its measured…

Although conventional approaches to teaching psychology are probably effective to some degree, it is possible that psychology should be a "hands on" science, i.e., students of psychology should learn to apply the concepts and principles of the theoretical regions of psychology and to solve open-ended problems through the application of…

This report presents a theoretical model and a practical guide for a survey feedback-problem solving-collective decision intervention in educational systems. The intervention focuses on work roles and relationships; job function, authority, and communication patterns; and on reviewing group progress and problems. One objective of the strategy is…

The Total Performance System (TPS) concept, a conceptual tool to aid management of a wide variety of complex systems such as classrooms, courses, schools, and businesses is presented as a unit of analysis for systems approaches to educational and management problems. A description of the TPS concept defines the classroom as a processing system…

Survey feedback and problem solving processes can be applied to increase the effectiveness of task-oriented structural approaches to educational organization development. One such approach involves the superimposition of complementary collective decision structures over the existing authority decision framework of the school. Collective decision…