Culture impedes educational transactions between developed countries, and is often an area of tension when developing countries try to borrow models, or have models imposed upon them. This article uses the German Dual System as a case for examining issues surrounding the adaptation of borrowed models. Since attempts at borrowing models can fail…

Within the parameter of a given level of expenditure on the educational system as a function of time, this cost-effectiveness analysis examines all feasible ways of providing schooling in developing nations to see what levels of output each alternative method entails. Both technological and conventional alternatives are considered: degree of…