The study examined leadership in schools as interaction between principals and teachers. The leadership process was conceptualized as the exercise of influence. The concept of ascriptive status was utilized to describe women as atypical and men as typical principals. Teachers responded to protocols depicting leader influence and cultural status.…

Tested the person-by-situation model. State anxiety was assessed prior to a routine training session and before a track meet. Trait anxiety was measured after the training session. There was a significant interaction between social evaluation trait anxiety and the meet situation. (Author)

Conditions under which interaction effects estimated from classical total scores, rather than item response theory trait scores, can be misleading are discussed with reference to analysis of variance (ANOVA). When no interaction effects exist on the true latent variable, spurious interaction effects can be observed from the total score scale. (SLD)

An approach to the analysis of an aptitude-treatment-interaction (ATI) design in which the treatment groups are based on an underlying factorial structure is described and illustrated. The approach emphasizes description with point and interval estimation. The example design considered consisted of two nominal treatment variables and one interval…

Research carried out at the Stanford Center for Research and Development in Teaching (Stanford University), pursuant to a contract with the U.S. Office of Education under the provisions of the Cooperative Research Program.

Given that theory is a crucial component of path analysis and that major theories in the social sciences either directly or by inference assume interaction, it appears that interaction has to be considered in path analytic models that reflect those theories. The use of interaction within the framework of path analytic methodology is investigated…

A model's influence on the creative behavior of 120 fifth-grade children was studied in four variations. (Author)

This study investigated the robustness of the James second-order test (James 1951; Wilcox, 1989) and the univariate F test under a two-factor fixed-effect analysis of variance (ANOVA) model in which cell variances were heterogeneous and/or distributions were nonnormal. With computer-simulated data, Type I error rates and statistical power for the…

Technology is viewed as a significant independent variable of the organization, affecting the organizational task structure. Viewing the classroom as the unit of observation, a technological change is introduced in the form of electronic computers to teach mathematics. Organizational task structure is defined in terms of teacher-pupil interaction…