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Direct linkAvila, Delphina J. – ProQuest LLC, 2019
The price of not being English proficient in the United States is costly. A study using 2000 census data showed that people who were not English proficient experienced lower earnings than those who spoke only English (Community and Regional Development Estate, 2005). The cost of being a non-proficient English speaker has the potential to decrease…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, English Language Learners, Models, Limited English Speaking
Download full textKaliski, Pamela; France, Megan; Huff, Kristen; Thurber, Allison – College Board, 2011
Developing a cognitive model of task performance is an important and often overlooked phase in assessment design; failing to establish such a model can threaten the validity of the inferences made from the scores produced by an assessment (e.g., Leighton, 2004). Conducting think aloud interviews (TAIs), where students think aloud while completing…
Descriptors: World History, Advanced Placement Programs, Achievement Tests, Protocol Analysis
