While high-accuracy machine learning (ML) models for predicting student learning performance have been widely explored, their deployment in real educational settings can lead to unintended harm if the predictions are biased. This study systematically examines the trade-offs between prediction accuracy and fairness in ML models trained on the…

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a method to evaluate a student's knowledge state (KS) based on their historical problem-solving records by predicting the next answer's binary correctness. Although widely applied to closed-ended questions, it lacks a detailed option tracing (OT) method for assessing multiple-choice questions (MCQs). This paper introduces…

A discussion forum is a valuable tool to support student learning in online contexts. However, interactions in online discussion forums are sparse, leading to other issues such as low engagement and dropping out. Recent educational studies have examined the affordances of conversational agents (CA) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) to…