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Toddlers Benefit from Labeling on an Executive Function Search Task
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Miller, Stephanie E.; Marcovitch, Stuart – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2011
Although labeling improves executive function (EF) performance in children older than 3 years, the results from studies with younger children have been equivocal. In the current study, we assessed performance in a computerized multistep multilocation search task with older 2-year-olds. The correct search location was either (a) not marked by a…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Children, Task Analysis, Error Patterns
The Influence of Number of A Trials on 2-Year-Olds' Behavior in Two A-Not-B-Type Search Tasks: A Test of the Hierarchical Competing Systems Model
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Marcovitch, Stuart; Zelazo, Philip David – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2006
Age-appropriate modifications of the A-not-B task were used to examine 2-year-olds' search behavior. Several theories predict that A-not-B errors will increase as a function of number of A trials. However, the hierarchical competing systems model (Marcovitch & Zelazo, 1999) predicts that although the ratio of perseverative to nonperseverative…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Child Behavior, Models, Error Patterns
The A-Not-B Error: Results from a Logistic Meta-Analysis.
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Marcovitch, Stuart; Zelazo, Philip David – Child Development, 1999
Meta-analysis of the A-not-B error was conducted, using logistic regression, on studies conducted before September 1997. Results replicated earlier findings, with exception that the number of trials at the A location was a significant predictor, and the number of locations was a significant predictor of the proportion of infants who searched…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Error Patterns, Infant Behavior